262 Celebes. 



erly managed they will cheerfully submit to it, because they 

 know their own inferiority, and believe their elders are acting 

 solely for their good. They learn many things the use of 

 which they can not comprehend, and which they would never 

 learn without some moral and social, if not j^hysical pressure. 

 Habits of order, of industry, of cleanliness, of respect and obe- 

 dience, are inculcated by similar means. Children would nev- 

 er grow up into well-behaved and well-educated men, if the 

 same absolute freedom of action that is allowed to men were 

 allowed to them. Under the best aspect of education, chil- 

 dren are subjected to a mild despotism for the good of them- 

 selves and of society ; and their confidence in the wisdom and 

 goodness of those who ordain and apply this despotism, neu- 

 tralizes the bad passions and degrading feelings, which under 

 less favorable conditions are its general results. 



Now, there is not merely an analogy, there is, in many re- 

 spects, an identity of relation between master and pupil, or 

 parent and child on the one hand, and an uncivilized race and 

 its civilized rulers on the other. We know (or think we know) 

 that the education and industry, and the common usages of 

 civilized man, are superior to those of savage life ; and, as he 

 becomes acquainted with them, the savage himself admits 

 this. He admires the superior acquirements of the civilized 

 man, and it is with pride that he will adopt such usages as do 

 not interfere too much with his sloth, his passions, or his prej- 

 udices. But as the willful child or the idle schoolboy, who 

 was never taught obedience, and never made to do any thing 

 which of his own free will he was not inclined to do, would 

 in most cases obtain neither education nor manners ; so it is 

 much more unlikely that the savage, with all the confirmed 

 habits of manhood and the traditional prejudices of race, 

 should ever do more than copy a few of the least beneficial 

 customs of civilization, without some stronger stimulus than 

 precept, very imperfectly backed by example. 



If we are satisfied that we are right in assuming the gov- 

 ernment over a savage race and occupying their country ; and 

 if we further consider it our duty to do what we can to im- 

 prove our rude subjects and raise them up toward our own 

 level, we must not be too much afraid of the cry of " despot- 

 ism " and slavery," but must use the authority we possess to 



