592 The Eaces of Man 



been hitherto associated. In most important characters 

 they diifer more from the Papuan than they do from the 

 Malay. They are dwarfs in stature, only averaging four 

 feet six inches to four feet eight inches high, or eight inches 

 less than the Malays; whereas the Papuans are decidedly 

 taller than the Malays. The nose is invariably represented 

 as small, flattened, or turned up at the apex, whereas the most 

 universal character of the Papuan race is to have the nose 

 prominent and large, with the apex produced downward, as 

 it is invariably represented in their own rude idols. The hair 

 of these dwarfish races agrees with that of the Papuans, but 

 so it does with that of the negroes of Africa. The Negri- 

 tos and Semangs agree very closely in physical characteris- 

 tics with each other and with the Andaman Islanders, while 

 they differ in a marked manner from every Papuan race. 



A careful study of these varied races, comparing them 

 with those of Eastern Asia, the Pacific Islands, and Austra- 

 lia, has led me to adopt a comparatively simple view as to 

 their origm and affinities. 



If we draw a line (see Physical Map, p. 21), commencing to 

 the east of the Philippine Islands, thence along the western 

 coast of Gilolo, through the island of Bouru, and curving 

 round the west end of Flores, then bending back by Sandal- 

 wood Island to take in Rotti, we shall divide the Archipel- 

 ago into two portions, the races of which have strongly 

 marked distinctive peculiarities. This line will separate the 

 Malayan and all the Asiatic races, from the Papuans and all 

 that inhabit the Pacific; and though along the line of junc- 

 tion intermigration and commixture have taken place, yet 

 the division is on the whole almost as well defined and 

 strongly contrasted, as is the corresponding zoological divis- 

 ion of the Archipelago, into an Lido-Malayan and Austro- 

 Malayan region. 



I must briefly explain the reasons that have led me to con- 

 sider this division of the Oceanic races to be a true and nat- 

 ural one. The Malayan race, as a whole, undoubtedly very 

 closely resembles the East Asian populations, from Siam to 

 Mandchouria. I was much struck with this, when in the isl- 

 and of Bali I saw Chinese traders who had adopted the cos- 

 tume of that country, and who could then hardly be distin- 



