602 



Appendix. 



could furnish no trustworthy average. I will now give a few examples of 

 these variations, using the terms, — Capacity, W : L, H : L, for the three 

 diiAensions compared. In the Capacity, I always compare only male crania 

 so as not to introduce the sexual difference of size. In the other propor- 

 tionate dimensions, I use both sexes to get a larger average, as I find these 

 proportions do not vary definitely according to sex, the two extremes often 

 occurring in the series of male specimens only. 



Malays. — Thirteen male Sumatra crania had: — Capacity, from 61 "5 to 

 •87 ounces of sand ; W: L, "71 to -86; H: L, -73 10 -85. Ten male Cele- 

 bes crania varied thus : — Capacity, from 67 to 83 ; W : L, "73 to -92 ; H : 

 L, -76 to -90. 



In the whole series of eighty-six Malay skulls from Sumatra, Java, Madura, 

 Borneo, and Celebes, the variation is enormous. Capacity (66 skulls) 60 to 

 91 ounces of sand ; W: L, -70 to '92 ; H : L, -72 to "90. And these ex- 

 tremes are not isolated abnoimal specimens, but there is a regular gradation 

 up to them, which always becomes more perfect the larger the number of 

 specimens compared. Thus, besides the extreme Dolicocephalic skull (70) 

 in the supposed Brachycephalic Malay group, there are others which have W : 

 L, •71, "72 and ^73, so that we have every reason to believe that with more 

 specimens we should get a still narrower form of skull. So the very large 

 cranium, 91 ounces, is led up to by others of 87 and 88. 



The largest, in an extensive series of English, Scotch, and Irish crania, 

 was only 92 '5 ounces. 



Papuans. — There are only four true Papuan crania in the collection, and 

 these vary considerably (W : L, "72 to •83). Taking, however, the natives 

 of the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, and the Fijis as be- 

 ing all decidedly of Papuan race, we have a series of 28 crania (23 male), 

 and these give us: — Capacity, 66 to 80; W: L, ^65 to •So ; H: L, "71 to 

 •85 ; so nearly identical with some of the Malayan groups as to offer no clear 

 points of difference. 



The Polynesians, the Australians, and the African negroes offer equally 

 wide ranges of variation, as will be seen by the following summary of the 

 dimensions of the crania of these races and the preceding : — 



The only conclusions that we can draw from this table are, that the Aus- 

 tralians have the smallest crania, and the Polynesians the largest ; the Ne- 

 groes, the Malays, and Papuans not differing perceptibly in size. And this 

 accords very well with what we know of their mental activity and capacity 

 for civilization. 



The Australians have the longest skulls ; after which come the Negroes ; 

 then the Papuans, the Polynesians, and the Malays. 



