Appendix.. 603 



The Austi'alians have also the lowest skulls ; then the Negroes ; the Poly- 

 nesians and Papuans considerably higher and equal, and the Malay the high- 

 est. 



It seems probable, therefore, that if we had a much more extensive series 

 of crania the averages might furnish tolerably reliable race-characters, al- 

 though, owing to the large amount of individual variation, they would never 

 be of any use in single examples, or even when moderate numbers only could 

 be compared. 



So far as this series goes, it seems to agree well with the conclusions I 

 have arrived at, from physical and mental characters observed by myself. 

 These conclusions briefly are : that the Malays and Papuans are radically 

 distinct races : and that the Polynesians are most nearly allied to the latter, 

 although they have probably some admixture of Malayan or Mongolian 

 blood. 



LANGUAGES. 



During my travels among the islands of the Archipelago, I collected a con- 

 siderable number of vocabularies, in districts hitherto little visited. These 

 represent about fifty-seven distinct languages (not including the common 

 Malay and Javanese), moi-e than half of which I believe are quite unknown 

 to philologists, while only a few scattered words have been recorded of some 

 others. Unfortunately, nearly half the number have been lost. Some years 

 ago I lent the whole series to the late Mr. John Crawford, and having neg- 

 lected to apply for them for some months, I found that he had in the mean 

 time changed his residence, and that the books containing twenty-five of the 

 vocabularies had been mislaid ; and they have never since been recovered. 

 Being merely old and much-battered copy-books, they probably found their 

 way to the dust-heap along with other waste paper. I had previously copied 

 out nine common words in the whole series of languages, and these are here 

 given, as well as the remaining thirty-one vocabularies in full. 



Having before had experience of the difficulty of satisfactorily determin- 

 ing any words but nouns and a few of the commonest adjectives, where the 

 people are complete savages and the language of communication but imper- 

 fectly known, I selected about a hundred and twenty words, and have adhered 

 to them throughout as far as practicable. After the English, I give the Malay 

 word for comparison with the other languages. In orthography I adopt gen- 

 erally the Continental mode of sounding the vowels, with a few modifications, 

 thus : — 



English a e i 0)' ie ei on u 



Sounded ah a ee i o e or eh oo 



These sounds come out most prominently at the end of a syllable ; when 

 followed by a consonant the sounds are veiy little different from the usual pro- 

 nunciation. Thus, "Api" is pronounced Appee, while " Minta " is pro- 

 nounced A'Entah. The short ti is pronounced like er in English, but without 

 any trace of the guttural. Long, short, and accented syllables are marked 

 in the usual way. The languages are grouped geograpliically, passing from 

 west to east ; those from the same or adjacent islands being as mnch as pos- 

 sible kept together. 



