522 CAKOLINE BURLING THOMPSON 



These observations are not in agreement with the work of 

 Heath ('03), who has recorded the case of a Termopsis soldier. 

 I quote below Heath's account, ('03, p. 58) : 



In colonies where either the king or queen persists the substitute 

 royal individual is usualty, so far as I know, an immature perfect insect, 

 but, where both have perished the substitute royalty may sometimes 

 contain a worker or a nymph or even a soldier capable of laying eggs. 

 Such monstrous forms are not infrequent in large orphaned nests, but 

 never apparently in colonies headed by the true royal pair. We may 

 also find winged soldiers, soldiers with mandibles of varying size, and, 

 as just mentioned, soldiers with wing pads, the straw-color characteristic 

 of substitute forms and with functional reproductive organs. These 

 last named insects are comparatively rare. I have had but three in my 

 possession. All of them laid eggs in captivity and in one case I followed 

 the development for a long period of time, but the young and the 

 nymphs and workers into which they became transferred, appeared in 

 all respects perfectly normal. 



The male reproductive system. The testes of young white soldier 

 nyinphs are smaller than those of the adult soldiers and the lobes 

 are shorter and stouter. Prominent zones of dividing cells may 

 be noted in stained whole mounts. In sections, groups of cells 

 which are evidently spermatogonia are found at the tips of the 

 lobes, proximal to these are masses of cells in division with the 

 chromosomes in tetrad form. Other groups of much smaller 

 cells in mitosis are doubtless in the second maturation division, 

 and in the more central- part of some lobes spermatids develop- 

 ing in groups of four may be recognized. In the central space of 

 the testes a few apparently mature spermatozoa are present. 

 There are no visible signs of degeneration or arrested development 

 in the testes of these young soldier nymphs. The seminal vesicles 

 however, are not normally developed, consisting of a few very 

 short and slender tubules whose epithelial cells lack the height of 

 the homologous cells of the three reproductive castes. 



In the adult soldier the testes are larger than in the first-form 

 adults and nymphs, although much smaller than those of the 

 second and third forms, but the vasa deferentia are slender and 

 contracted, almost without lumen, and the seminal vesicles are 

 vestigial in structure. Few of the testes lobes are broad and 

 rounded, as in the reproductive castes, but are long and usually 



