APPENDIX. 331 



America than in Africa; and here is found what 

 may be looked upon as the intermediate link be- 

 tween Copris and Onitis. No part of the world is 

 so rich in Rutelides as trophical America ; and 

 according to the narrow limits within which Mac 

 Leay confines this family, it would seem to be 

 exclusively restricted to this continent. The greater 

 part have not the head divided from the head- 

 shield by a line, and the breast is lengthened in front 

 into a spine : this extensive division is peculiar to 

 America. In the second division, the head-shield of 

 which is bounded by a strongly marked line, those 

 which are provided with a breast-bone are Ameri- 

 can. South America possesses also the interme- 

 diate genus between the Rutelides and Scarabcei, 

 in the genus Ct/clocephala, Anoplognathida^ were 

 hitherto known to us from New Holland, Asia, 

 South Africa, and South America, and are charac- 

 terised by the drooping form of the upper-lip, 

 falling lowest in the middle, and by the inequality 

 of their claws ; the under-lip, at the same time, 

 has either a projection in the centre, or consists 

 of two parts lapping over one another. In the same 

 way that the Anoplognathidce of New Holland 

 have the appearance of Rutelides proper, are the 

 South American Anoplognathidce distinguished by 

 their resemblance to Melolonthidas : those of Brazil 

 have no breast-bone, and at least one claw to each 

 foot is cloven, which distinguishes them from those of 



