ANATOMY OF ARACHNIDS 5 



larger genera of the Charontini: Stygophrynus, Charon and 

 Sarax, are found only m caves, while those found in the open, 

 such as Charinides bengalensis and Phrynicho-sarax, some of 

 which I found on Langkawi Island, are very small, insignificant- 

 looking animals. Langkawi Island lies off the coast of Kedah 

 in the Malay Peninsula, and seems to possess a rather primitive 

 arachnid fauna, as I shall also have occasion to remark in a note 

 on the distribution of the Uropygi. Phrynicho-Sarax is quite 

 abundant in the jungle on Langkawi Island, but no Phrynicus 

 at all were found there. 



Uropygi 



Thelyphonides. The carapace of the older Thelyphonides is 

 very hard and difficult to section, but these animals live very 

 well n captivity, and among a number of specimens, kept in 

 small cages and supplied with grasshoppers, one will moult now 

 and then, immediately after which the chitin is thin and soft, 

 and even the mature animal can be readily sectioned. At this 

 stage, also, there is much turgescence of the tissues; the organs 

 are all actively functioning and therefore in a favorable condi- 

 tion for observation. 



Species of Thelyphonides examined: 



Thelyphonus linganus Malay Peninsula 



Thelyphonus sepiaris Ceylon (Plains) 



Labochirus crassimanus Ceylon (Hills) 



Hypoctonus kraepelini Langkawi Island, Kedah 



The coxal glands of all of the above representatives of this 

 family are precisely alike and resemble those of Tarantula in 

 that the coils of the labyrinth extend well back into segment VI, 

 and are not concentrated as in the scorpions; but nevertheless, 

 the gland differs greatly from that of Tarantula, for there are 

 two saccules — one on segment IV and- another on segment V. 

 The saccules, moreover, are elongated and flattened, not roughly 

 spherical like those of Tarantula and the other Amblypygi. In 

 the case of the Amblypygi (and this applies also to the more or 

 less spherical saccule of the scorpions and spiders) the surface 



