STUDIES ON THE SYRINX OF GALLUS DOMESTICUS 



JAY ARTHUR 3iIYERS 



Department of Anatormj, University of Minnesota 



EIGHTEEN FIGURES 



CONTEXTS 



Introduction 165 



Observations 1 67 



I. Anatomj' of the adult syrinx 167 



1 . Gross anatomy 167 



a. Skeletal framework 168 



b. Vibrating membranes • 172 



c. Musculature 174 



d. Sexual differences 175 



2. ^Microscopic anatomy 176 



II. Development 179 



1. Mucous membrane 181 



2. Cartilaginous skeleton 184 



3. Submucosa _ 189 



4. Musculature 190 



5. Intercartilaginous membranes 191 



6. Summary of development 192 



Experiments on function 195 



Conclusions 199 



Structure 199 



Development 200 



Function 201 



INTRODUCTION 



The songs of birds have served to inspire various classes of 

 people for ages, but not until the last three or four centuries 

 do we have any record of scientists becoming interested in them 

 to the extent of studying the organs concerned in their pro- 

 duction. 



Competent authorities, such as Duvernoy, Cu\'ier, Johannes 

 j\I idler, and others, early observed that birds possess two larynges 



165 



JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY, VOL. 29, NO. 1 



