218 S. SAGUCHI 



I. INTRODUCTION 



Since ciliary movement was first noticed by Anton de Heide, 

 in 1683, ciliated cells have been a problem for various investi- 

 gators. Their structures were studied by Friedreich ('58), 

 Marchi ('66), Eberth ('66), Engelmann ('68, '79, '80), Eimer 

 ('77), Frenzel ('86) and others; above all Engelmann and Frenzel 

 gave detailed accounts of the matter, so there has been left but 

 little to add as regards their gross structure. According to 

 these authors, ciliated cells are provided, on their distal borders, 

 with rod-like corpuscles, named basal knobs (Engelmann 's 'Fuss- 

 sttickchen') or basal rods (Frenzel's 'Fussstabchen'), with which 

 the ciUa are connected. These corpuscles — later termed basal 

 corpuscles by Apathy ('97) — ^were frequently recognized by several 

 investigators and regarded as a constituent of great importance 

 of the ciliary apparatus, which consists of cilia, basal corpuscles 

 and rootlets. 



The question also, whether the factor which produces the 

 ciliary movement is to be sought in either of these three struc- 

 tures or in any other structure; especially the question as to the 

 significance and development of basal corpuscles, were frequently 

 discussed, and have not yet been decided definitely. Nearly 

 about the same time ('98), but independently of each other, 

 Henneguy g.nd Lenhossek announced their opinion as to these 

 questions. They regard basal corpuscles as derived from cen- 

 tral corpuscles and as representing a kinetic centre of the cihary 

 movement, and point out, as evidence in support of this view, 

 the morphological, topographical and chemical resemblance be- 

 tween these two structures, and the behavior of central cor- 

 puscles or similar bodies to the tails of spermatids of certain 

 invertebrates and to those of antherozoids of certain plants. 

 Whether or not this hypothesis (Henneguy-Lenhossek's hypoth- 

 esis) expresses the truth, can be solved, I think, only by studies 

 of the question of the existence or non-existence of centro somes 

 and of mitosis in cihated cells, and especially by .hat of ciUo- 

 genesis. Benda ('00), Fuchs ('04), Ikeda ('06) and others believe 

 they have found that the basal corpuscles take origin from the 



