240 S. SAGUCHI 



the accumulation of plasma at the point of union of thecilium 

 with the upper border of the cuticle, a view which has been held 

 by Lenhossek ('98), Wallengren ('05) and Erhard ('10). These 

 nodes are not only characteristic of cliated cells, but also seen 

 in ordinary epithelial cells; their existence in the epidermis 

 cells of Amphibia-larvae has been shown by Leidig ('85) and 

 Studnicka ('98). 



From the above the inference would appear justifiable that 

 the adherents of the 'rod theory' failed to notice any structural 

 difference between the substance of the cuticle and that of the 

 ciliary apparatus, but considered the more readily recognizable 

 parts as a continuous structure, and overlooked the rest, a re- 

 sult either of poor fixation or of studying fresh tissues. 



b. The cytoplasm and rootlets of the cilia 



In the literature there are three types of special structure of 

 the interior of the ciliated cell : 



1) Valentin and Buhlmann first noticed the longitudinal 

 striation of the cytoplasm, which has since been recognized by 

 Friedreich ('58), Eberth ('66), Marchi ('66), Eimer ('77), and 

 especially by Engelmann ('80), and named by the last author 

 'rootlets of the cilia.' And besides these, Lenhossek ('98), 

 Fischer ('99), Peter ('99), Heidenhain ('99), Gurwitsch ('01), 

 Joseph ('03), Kuperwieser ('06) and many others have found 

 that the rootlets of the cilia are connected, above, with the basal 

 corpuscles; below, they either lose themselves in the neighbor- 

 hood of the nucleus or descend, forming a conical bundle, to 

 the base of the cell. Apathy ('97) and Metalnikoff ('00), on the 

 contrary, look upon this conical bundle as the termination of 

 nerves which are not connected with the basal corpuscles, but 

 which end freely between them. 



2) According to Lenhossek ('98) and Fuchs ('02), the ciliated 

 cells of the epididymis are devoid of rootlets of the cilia, but 

 they contain, in the upper portion, granular substance which 

 Fuchs takes to be mitrochondria. 



