AUDITORY SENSE OF HONEY-BEE 185 
stimuli, but it appears too crude to act as a sound-wave receptor, 
unless it is able to receive sound vibrations of a very low fre- 
quency. The most reasonable function that the writer can think 
of is the one suggested by Demoll (’17), that it may serve as a 
statical organ to register the movements of the flagellum. Since 
there can be no muscular sense in the flagellum, because this part 
of the antenna possesses no muscles, such an organ would seem 
very useful. The scape or first antennal segment (fig. 3, 7) 
contains many muscle fibers, most of which run to the articula- 
tion between the first and second segments. These muscles can 
only move the flagellum about in all directions, but cannot bend 
it. Since the antenna is the chief tactile organ of the bee and 
must be carefully operated, the only way of bending the many- 
jointed flagellum is by blood pressure. The blood bathes all 
the internal structures, and consequently any change in its 
pressure would affect the articular membrane. Even if the 
Johnston’s organ in the honey-bee receives sound vibrations of 
a low frequency, or functions in any other way suggested above, 
we should probably classify it as a tactile organ rather than as an 
auditory organ. 
Child (’94 b) says that the function of Johnston’s organ is in 
general to receive original touch stimuli; it can, however, in a 
broader sense receive the stimuli of sound vibrations. The 
auditory stimuli are to be thought of as modified touch stimuli. 
When the same organ serves both as touch and auditory recep- 
tors, as is possible in mosquitoes and midges, then the insect will 
be able to differentiate between the touch response and auditory 
response. 
According to Child, this organ is of hypodermal origin, arising 
from a ringlike fold near the antennal funnels which are in- 
vaginated in the head. 
Several years ago the writer discovered two groups of olfactory 
pores on the base of the antenna, but they are here described for 
the first time. One group of about twenty-five pores lies among 
a bunch of tactile hairs on the distal end of the articular knob 
or condyle (fig. 3, Co), and the other group (Por) of twelve pores 
lies on the proximal end of the scape. So far as known, these are 
