4 Franklin P. Mall. 



It would seem as if the above statements settled the question of 

 the relative size of the frontal lobe in men and women, but the 

 following remarks are of historical interest. It is noted above that 

 Huschke believed he had shown the central sulcus to be more perpen- 

 dicular and not as far back in the female as in the male, thus making 

 the frontal lobe smaller in the former. 



Riidinger'^ studied the brains of twin foetuses and believed that 

 he demonstrated that the development in the male is more advanced 

 than in the female and that the frontal lobe is larger in the male. 

 Recently his question has been thoroughly tested by Waldeyer^ who 

 found that the development of the brain of the male is more advanced 

 in the majority of specimens of twin foetuses of opposite sexes, but 



weighed (1) the entire encephalon, (2) bulb, (3) cerebellum, (4) pons, and 

 then separated each hemisphere by "deux coupes" into three lobes. In this 

 manner he treated 440 cases. 



There is every reason to think that he uses the term "hemisphere" in 

 its technical sense, as he knows the difference between that and the mantle. 

 This would involve the basal ganglia in the lobes as he records them. 



Further, in the Bulletin Soci6t6 d'Anthropologie, T. VI, 1871, page 113, 

 in the article entitled "Sur la deformation toulousaine du crane," he gives 

 numerical statements which lead to the same conclusion. The hardened 

 brain in question weighed 



825 grams 



Cerebellum 109 grams 



Left hemisphere 339 grams 



Right hemisphere 351 grams 



Total 799 grams 



leaving the difference between that and the weight of the entire encephalon, 

 26 grams for the pons and medulla. These 26 grams are not too much for 

 the weight of the pons and bulb, and on the other hand are not nearly 

 enough to cover the basal ganglia, see "Growth" etc., page 101. It seems 

 probable therefore that his hemispheres included the basal ganglia. 



If we take now his analysis of the right hemisphere, weight 351 grams, 

 he gives the frontal lobe 159 grams, occipital lobe 45 grams, and parieto- 

 temporal lobe 147 grams, total 351 grams. Thus his three lobes equal the 

 weight of his hemisphere, and his hemisphere contains the basal ganglia, 

 and I believe that it is by reasoning similar to this that I arrived at the 

 conclusion expressed on page 181 of my book, to which you refer. 



'Riidinger. Verhandl. d. Anatom. Gesell., 1894. 



«Waldeyer. Sitzungsber, d. K. P. Akad., 1907. 



