330 Effa Funk Muhse. 



somewhat interwoven. The essential feature in the arrangement of 

 the bundles is their compactness. At certain points bundles from the 

 horizontal compact layer turn both inward and outward, to form 

 part of vertical strands which pass through the compact stratum; 

 these bundles subdivide, and together with bundles which branch 

 off from either surface of the compact stratum, form the inner 

 and outer loose strata of the cutis. In either case the fibers are very 

 loosely arranged in a network. Fibers friom the outer loose layer 

 terminate on the side toward the epidermis, in very fine numerous 

 branches. These are closely associated with the processes of the 

 cells of the germinating stratum of the epidermis. This gives the 

 appearance of a very thin homogeneous stratum, which for the most 

 part follows intimately the lower border of the epidermis (Fig. 

 77). The union between the compact layer and the muscles is ef- 

 fected through the inner loose stratum. Here, as in the outer stratum, 

 the fibers are loosely interwoven. Elastic fibers of considerable 

 length and of very uniform diameter are also present. Throughout 

 the three strata they occur widely scattered and without definite 

 arrangement. 



The blood-vessels pass from the deeper tissues into the inner loose 

 stratum of the cutis. They form a coarse network parallel to the 

 surface. From this network branches pass directly to the large glands 

 (Fig. 55). Others pass through the vertical strands to the outer 

 loose stratum (Fig. 17). Here, likewise parallel to the surface, is 

 formed a fine network of capillaries, which is just beneath the pig- 

 ment cells. From this network capillary loops pass outward and lie 

 at the base of endbulbs (Fig. 20). Other loops project for some 

 distance into the epidermis (Fig. 19). The branches previously men- 

 tioned as passing from the inner network of blood vessels to a gland 

 break up into a dense capillary mesh. This intimately surrounds 

 the gland acinus, lying at many points in direct contact with the 

 gland wall (Figs. 44, 47, 51-58). 



Cutis according to regions. The cutis varies greatly in depth 

 wherever gland sacs occur, according to the number and size of the 

 same. The gland sacs lie, as far as their sizes permit, in the outer 

 loose stratum, but the larger ones lie deeper, for the most part in 

 the compact stratum (Figs. 14, 25, 40-42, 58). Often the latter 



