342 Efi'a Funk Muliso. 



such modification in its surface (Fig. 42). A very large number of 

 cells, forty or more in the layer surrounding the molt at the opening 

 of the duct, may be counted in one section (Fig. 69). The slit in 

 the region of the neck becomes more compressed as the base of the 

 neck is approached (Fig. 70). For some distance its walls may even 

 be pressed together and the duct may thus be closed (Fig. 71). At 

 the beginning of the collar it becomes more or less circular (Figs. 72, 

 73, 76). Just before the gland lumen is reached, the inner, series 

 of cells frequently entirely obliterate the duct (Figs. 74, 78). This 

 is due in part to the action of the network of elastic fibers which 

 surrounds the collar (Fig. 76). 



Relation of outlet to epidermis and cutis. Seeck, referring to 

 the toad, states that the Malpighian layer of the epidermis passes 

 directly into the neck of the gland. I find that the neck, except 

 where it is continuous with the outer transitional layers of cells 

 and with the molt, is in most cases easily distinguishable from sur- 

 rounding cells. In the first place, the epidermis is usually somewhat 

 increased in depth about the gland outlet. A limited amount of 

 cutis often penetrates between the neck and the inner third or more 

 of the epidermis (Fig. 78). We have above noted the radial ar- 

 rangement of the cells in both zones, especially about the lower 

 part of the neck. This likewise differentiates and separates the 

 neck from the lower stratum of the epidermis. I do not believe 

 that the germinating stratum of the epidermis, after it has given 

 rise to the cell that becomes differentiated into a gland bud, has 

 any further connection with that developing gland. A definite 

 network of elastic fibers surrounds the collar and the lower part of 

 the neck, as we have earlier seen, but there is no direct connection 

 between the cutis and the neck and collar of the glands. 



The mature glands of different regions. The glands, which I 

 have described above and which I have called the mature type, 

 comprise, except for degenerate sacs, the inner battery. They occur 

 over the whole body ventral as Avell as dorsal (Fig. 15-m). Mme. 

 Phisalix states that these glands, poison as she calls them, are found 

 only occasionally on the ventral surface of the salamander. All 

 other investigators, who believe in more than one kind of gland and 



