ORIGIN OF CASTES OF TERMITES 123" 



From that phase onward to the end of the first stage of develop- 

 ment, these three kinds of nj^nphs have grown and differentiated, 

 but no further differentiatijDn of the other adult castes has been 

 observed. 



This would seem to dispose of the fallacy that the so-called 

 'substitute' and 'complemental' royal forms of Grassi can be 

 produced at the will of the colony by the agency of food. And 

 now, for the two reasons that the adult reproductive castes are 

 evidently born, and not made by feeding, and that their nomen- 

 clature is in a state of confusion, I suggest the following terms 

 for the three adult castes found in L. flavipes and L. virginicus, 

 namely: (1) adults of the first form, (Avith long wings or stubs 

 of wings), or males and queens of the first form; (2) adults of 

 the second form (with short wing pads), or males and queens of 

 the second form; (3) adults of the third form (with no wing pads), 

 or males and queens of the third form. We should then reap 

 the advantages of continuity and simplicity. Continuity would 

 be gained by the use of the same descriptive terms that have 

 been applied for years, — since the time of Lespes ('56) — ^to the 

 two nympha stages from which the first two castes arise; simplic- 

 ity would be attained by abandoning the various lengthy and 

 sometimes inaccurate terms now in use by different writers. 

 For example, some of the terms applied to the first form adults 

 with long wings are: 'perfect nsects,' 'true adults,' 'royal pair,' 

 'winged adults;' while Holmgren always speaks of this caste as 

 the 'imago,' as if it were the only caste that completed its de- 

 velopment. Some synonyms of the second form adults, with 

 short wing pads, are: 'neoteinic nymphal forms,' 'substitute roy- 

 alties,' 'complemental royalties,' etc.; and again, for the third 

 form adults, with no wing pads, we have: 'substitute royalities,^ 

 'ergatoid neoteinic forms,' 'larval neoteinic forms,' etc. 



E. THE ORIGIN OF THE WORKER AND SOLDIER CASTES OF 

 L. FLAVIPES 



The origin of the soldier caste of Leucotermes from a worker- 

 like form has been observed by two different writers, Lespes 

 ('56) and Snyder ('13, '15). 



