STUDIES OF AMITOSIS 489 



this nature were definitely demonstrated in the adipose cells. 

 Authorities are unanimous that the granules are reserves of al- 

 buminous substance to be used in prepupal and pupal stages for 

 a nutritive purpose. 



As to the origin of these granules, Berlese ('99, '01) held the 

 view that it is exogenic. Seeing that the coagulated plasma in 

 the body-cavity shows an appearance similar to the granules in 

 the cells, he thought that the albuminous substances, set free 

 in the body cavity at the time of the destruction of the alimentary 

 canal, are taken up by the adipose cells, and thus constitute 

 the granules in question. Enriques ('01) held a similar view, 

 but assumed that the granules are derived from degenerating 

 muscular tissue. 



These hypotheses are challenged by Perez ('10) on the ground 

 that the albmninous granules make their appearance in the adi- 

 pose cells before the insect enters into the prepupal stage and 

 while the alimentary canal and muscles are perfectly normal. 

 Perez ('10) believes that the substance is absorbed by the cells 

 in the hydrolyzed form, invisible in the preparation, and is con- 

 densed into granular form within the cell under the influence of 

 the nucleus. 



According to Hollande ('14), Perez suggested in his later 

 paper ('11) that, in the case of Vespid larva, the albuminous 

 inclusion is formed at the expense of the fat in the cell, and a 

 similar view was held by Hufnagel ('11) in her work on Hypono- 

 meuta padella. Considering the matter from a chemical view- 

 point, it seems quite possible that fat may transform into albumi- 

 nous substance, or vice versa, as is said by Hollande ('14), and 

 especially so when we recall the chemical work by Weinland ('08), 

 who demonstrated that albuminous material transforms into 

 fat at the approach of pupation in the larva of Calliphora. This 

 is, however, not sufficiently adequate to base any definite con- 

 clusion upon. 



Hufnagel ('11) observed in the adipose cells of Hyponomeuta, 

 an elimination of chromatin into the protoplasm, the phenome- 

 non which she thought to constitute "une epuration chroma- 

 tique." Hollande ('14) in his work on the larvae of Vanessa, 



