FISHES — SALMONIDAE — SALMO SCOULERI. 305 



S-sn.—Salmones, Cut. Regn. Anim. II, 1817, 159 ; 2d ed. II, 1823 ; &., ed. illustr. Poiss. 253.— Mull, in Wiegm. Archiv 

 fur. Naturg. 1843, I, 323 ; &,, 1845, I, 131 & 136. 

 Salmonidae, Bonap. Sagg. Distr. Anim. Vertebr. 1831, 115.— DeIvay, New Y. Faun. IV, 1842, 235.— Storer, 



Synops. 1846, 192. 

 Salmonoideae, Richards. Faun. Bor, Amer. Ill, 1836, 137. 



The Salmonid family, as characterised above, corresponds to the limits assigned to it by 

 Professor Job. Miiller, in whose recent death science has sustained one of the most severe losses. 

 His profound anatomical researches have often guided us through these pages wherever the 

 characters of higher groups were at stakes. 



SALMO, (Artedi),Valenc. 



Gen. Chah — Body fusiform in profile ; head large ; mouth generally deeply cleft, and armed with conspicuous teeth. Pre- 

 mnxillar bones short, and rather situated upon the sides of the snout than immediately upon its extremity. The maxillaries 

 are attached behind them, and composed each of a smgle piece. The lower jaw is strong, ajid terminates mostentimes into a small 

 knob or tubercle, which, in some species, acquires a very great development. Strong and conical teeth, disposed upon a single 

 row, are inserted upon the dentary. A few teeth on the front of the vomer, none on the shaft of that bone ; a single row of them 

 is also observed along the palatines, and two rows upon the pterygoids and upon the tongue. There is one anterior dorsal 

 fin, followed posteriorly by a small adipose more or less thick. The caudal fin is well developed, and either truncated posteriorly 

 or slightly emarginated. 



SiYS—Salmo, Arted. Gen. Pise, ed Walbanmi, 1792, 58; &, Synon. Pise. 1793, 22.— Cuv. Efegn. Anim. II, 1817, 160; 



2ded. II, 1829; &, ed. illustr. Poiss., 254.— Richards. Faun. Bor. Amer. Ill, 1836, 137.— DeKay, New 



Y. Faun. IV, 1842, 235.— Storer, Eep. Fish. Mass. 1839, 104; and, Synops. 1846, 192.— Valeno. in Cm. 

 and Val. Hist. nat. Poiss. XXI, 1848, 166.— Grd. in Proc. Acad. Nat Sc. Philad. VIII, 1856, 217. 



The scales in all the species have that common character of being deprived of those radi- 

 ating grooves or furrows which are seen elsewhere to extend from the organic centre of the 

 scale to its periphery. The concentric, or lines of growth, are the only ones extant, and in 

 many instances they are interrupted, or else have become obsolete upon the posterior section of 

 the scale. In many instances, also, they have disappeared from the organic centre itself, which, 

 under the microscope, appear perfectly homogeneous. Generally speaking, their outline is 

 sub-elliptical, elongated in the direction of the longitudinal or horizontal axis of the body. 

 Differences of minor value may be observed in each species. As to the size of the scales in this 

 and the next two genera, they are either minute, small, or of moderate development. 



The genus Salmo is here admitted within the limits assigned to it by Professor Valenciennes 

 in the " Histoire naturelle des Poissons," including the anadromous salmons, together with 

 the so-called "brook trouts," and others stilly inhabiting the depths of ponds and lakes, 

 showing themselves hut once a year along shore for the jDurpose of depositing their spawn. 



1. SALMO SCOULERI, Richards. 



Spec. Char. — A specific diagnosis, from want of perfect specimens, could not be drawn with sufficient accuracy to be intro- 

 duced here. 



SYH.—Salmo scmileri, Richards. Faun Bor. Amer. Ill, 1836, 1.58, and 223, pi. xoiii.— DeKay, New Y. Faun. IV, 

 1842, 242. — Storer, Synops. 1846, \94.—Salar scouleri, Valenc. in Cuv. S( Val. Hist. nat. Poiss. XXI, 1848, 

 345.— Grd. in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. VIII, 1856, 217. 



The " Ekewan," as this species is called by the natives of the Columbia river, we can simply 

 allude to, since the only materials which we have had to work upon is a head about eleven 

 inches in length. Its physiognomy corresponds altogether with the figure of that species given 

 39 a 



