362 U. S. p. E. R. EXP. AND SURVEYS — ZOOLOGY — GENERAL REPORT. 



There are sharks in wliicli the eyelid is provided with a nictitating membrane, and others in 

 which this peculiarity of structure does not exist. The same may be stated wit]i re£;ard to the 

 spiracles. As far as observations go, tlie spiracles and nictitating membrane are never wanting- 

 in tlie same group; whilst both the spiracles and the nictitating membrane may exist simulta- 

 neously. Sometimes we observe spiracles and no nictitating membrane; at others, the spiracles 

 are wanting, while the nictitating membrane is extant. 



Family SCYLLIODONTIDAE, Girard. 



The head is depressed, the snout obtuse, the nasal flap or valve broad, and rather elongated; 

 the grooves at the angle of the mouth being large, and the lips cartilaginous; the eyelids 

 constituting an elongated cleft. The spiracles are of medium size. The teeth, which resemble 

 those of the genus ScylUum, exhibit nevertheless a more elongated central prong, with several 

 lateral and smaller ones at the base. The general aspect of the fins is similar also to that 

 of Scyllium. The inferior lobe of the caudal fin is likewise atrophied, and the caudal farrow 

 wanting. The scales are tri-digitated and triply keeled. 



Siit.—SajUioionUs, Moll. & Henle, Syst. Beschr. Plagiost. 1841, G3.— Dum. Iclithyol. analyt. 185G, 130. 

 Scyllindonlini, Bd. Iconogr. Encycl. IF, 1850, 241. 



The Scylliodonts belong to that division of the sharks in which there are two dorsal fins and 

 one anal, the first dorsal being placed between the pectorals and the ventrals. They are pro- 

 vided with sj^iracles and a nictitating membrane, the last or last two branchial fissures being 

 situated above the base of the pectoral fins. 



TRIAKIS, Mull. & Heiilc. 



Gen. Char. — This genus being (he only one of its group, its diagnostic characters may be deduced from those of the family 

 just alluded to. The teeth arc rather small and numerous. There is one central fang or prong directed obliquely outwards 

 with one or several small ones on either side of the base. 



Syn.— T/Jaiis, Mull. & Henle, Syst. Bcschr. Plagiost 1841, 63.— Dcm. Ichthyol. analyt. 1856, 130. 



So far but one species was on record, an inhabitant of the Japanese seas. The one whose 

 description follows is closely allied to it, either of them apparently not reaching any very 

 large size. 



TRIAKIS SEMIFASCIATUS, Grd. 



Spec. Char — Head very much depressed, constituting the sixth of the total length. Back rather arched ; caudal region 

 very much tapering. Shagreen with very acute acerated points. Color above olivaceous grey with tranvorso black l)ands and 

 rounded spots ; beneath yellowisli, unicolor. 



Stn. — Triakis semifasciatum, Grd. in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. Vll, 1854, 196. 



The general aspect of this species is elongated. In the specimen before us^ and which mea- 

 sures twelve and two-thirds of an inch, the head, from the extremity of the snout to the first 

 branchial aperture, constitutes the sixth of the total length. The back is rather more arched or 

 convex than in T. scyllium, the caudal region being very slender and tapering. 



The head is very much depressed, sub-convex and sloping sideways and forwards. The snout 

 is rounded off, and seen either from above or from below its anterior outline is semi-elliptical ; 

 the nostrils being somewhat nearer the mouth than the extremity of the snout. The flap or 

 valve at their anterior edge is placed more towards the inner than the outer angle ; it is taper- 

 ing, rounded ofl', and directed oblicpely outwards and backwards. The outline of the mouth is 

 semi-elliptical ; its width, measured from angle to angle, is equal to the rostral distance between 



