, MORPHOLOGY OF THE VERTEBRATE .SKULL 5 
Comm. orb.-par. 
Ala orbit. For. spheno-par. 
Ala temp. sin. ee 
= 
Caps. nas. 
Ap. nas. ext, 
i 
re 
& ai i\ elas ao ‘yh 
‘Bihy Be i Toe " 
; . x ‘a CoA. xd Ae “am i y ij 
Ww, Ure | f 
Zin aan 
oy 5 
: 
For. occip. 
) mag. 
Os parietale 
Comm. orb.- 
pariet, 
I~ 
Taen.clin.- 
2 LEAR 
A, me in IBIAS: ING ARON 
ee 
Ggl. Trigem. 
Cart, % 
Mecke] Ala temporal, A. varot. int. YI 
3 . Trigem I 
Os squamos 
Fig. 2. Model of the chondrocranium of Talpa europaea, from Gaupp (Merkel 
u. Bonnet’s Anat. Hefte, lxi, 1902, fig. 10, p. 193) after E. Fischer. Seen obliquely 
from below. ‘ 
The ala temporalis (cartilage fundament of the alisphenoid) lies outside of the primitive brain case. 
It is connected below with the basisphenoid. The ala orbitalis (cartilage fundament of the orbitosphen- 
oid) is a part of the primitive brain case; it is posterior to the ethmoid and lateral to the presphenoid. 
Fig. 3 Cross section through the sella turcica of a larval Echidna aculeata. 
~ From Gaupp (Merkel u. Bonnet’s Anat. Hefte., lxi, 1902, fig. 14, p. 201). 
The cartilage fundaments (alee temporalis) of the alisphenoids form no part of the primordial brain 
case but lie below and outside of the Gasserian ganglia (Ggl.trigem.); they are lateral to the carotid canal 
(A.cgrot.int.) and to the basisphenoid. 
