MORPHOLOGY OF THE VERTEBRATE SKULL 17 
REPTILIAN LOWER JAW 
The nomenclatural history of certain bones of the reptilian 
lower jaw (fig. 15) has been very intricate and confusing. It is 
desirable—though hardly to be expected—that stability be gained 
by a speedy adoption of the following names, which have been 
selected with great learning and discretion by Gaupp (11, pp. 
124—128) and which in large part have long been used in Germany. 
Articulare Cuvier: preformed in cartilage as the articular region 
of Meckel’s cartilage. Remaining unossified in recent Amphibia. 
“ ~=—— Qua- 
+ A dratum 
Supra- / rr y 
Complementare angulare say 
. Arti- 
Dentale alae 
Goniale 
Angulare 
Cart. Meckelii Operculare Dentale 
Fig. 15 Model of the lower jaw and quadrate of an embryo Lacerta agilis, 
medial aspect. (Gaupp, Anat. Anz. Bd. 39, 1911, p. 105, fig. 7.) 
Goniale Gaupp (dermarticular Kingsley, postopercular Gaupp, 
prearticular Williston) : the dermal medial extension of the articu- 
lar,.bordering below the entrance to the ‘primordial canal’ for 
Meckel’s cartilage; occupying the medial posterior part of the 
jaw. Present in lizards, snakes, turtles; very large in Amphibia, 
where it is usually called the angular. 
Angulare Cuvier: on the lower border of the jaw, lying between 
the dentary and the articular, articulating anteriorly with the 
splenial (operculare). Absent or reduced in recent Amphibia. 
Supraangulare Cuvier: (supraangular) on the upper posterior 
border of the jaw, chiefly on the outer side, above the angulare 
and goniale. Absent in recent Amphibia. 
Dentale Cuvier (dentary Owen): the main antero-external bone 
of the jaw, bearing the principal row of teeth. In recent Amphibia 
often extending backward to the posterior end of the jaw. 
JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY, VOL. 24, No. 1 
