542 Cc. H. RICHARDSON 
increase in the storage of these albuminous bodies so that just 
before pupation the cells in stained preparations are fairly black- 
ened with them. 
A careful search through the sections has failed to reveal urate 
crystals within the adipocytes and it is very doubtful whether 
these possess an excretory function in Spalangia. In fact no 
functional excretory organs were found in any of the larval 
stages. The absence of urate crystals in the adipocytes and the 
embryonic condition of the Malphigian tubules precludes the 
possibility of these organs possessing an excretory function. It 
would seem that any amount of excretory material that may 
be present must be retained in the mesenteron till its contents 
are ejected at pupation. 
The nervous system presents no unusual features. The ven- 
tral ganglia are visible behind the subesophageal ganglion; 
posterior to the tenth, the ventral cord is attenuated and shows 
little differentiation. 
The reproductive system consists of two gonads now lying to 
either side and below the proctenteron. Just prior to passing 
into the semipupa condition the unpaired reproductive canal is 
invaginated. 
MUSCULATURE 
The musculature of the tracheate larva does not differ in 
arrangement from the well known larval type. It is, with the 
exception of a series of rather powerful radiating pharyngeal 
muscles, very weakly developed. 
Some attention has been given. to the nature of the attach- 
ment of muscles to the integument in Spalangia and collateral 
studies have been made upon the following insects of other orders: 
A Cucujid larva (probably Cucujus clavipes Fabr.) 
Larvae of Porthetria dispar. 
A Tabanid larva. 
Larvae of Simulium sp. 
Larvae of Calliphora erythrocephala. 
Snethlage (’05) and more recently Térne (’11) have given ex- 
cellent surveys of the literature so that it will be unnecessary to 
review the subject here. 
