DEVELOPMENT OF A HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITE 547 
as the weather permits. The second and undoubtedly the strong- 
est generation will emerge during late July or August, while the 
third and somewhat weaker generation will appear late in Sep- 
tember or early in October. 
ADDENDA 
A heretofore overlooked instance of hypermetamorphosis is given by Mr. H. 
J. Quayle® for the Chalcidoid, Aspidiotiphagus citrinus Craw. In the words of 
the author, “the egg is deposited within the insect and there hatches a very 
minute, white larva, with a tail-like appendage. This is afterwards lost and as 
the larva becomes mature it is about 0.85 mm. long and 0.35 mm. wide, taper- 
ing slightly toward the posterior end.’’ The first stage larva appears to be typi- 
cal of the caudate type, the mature larva of the usual hymenopteriform type. 
A paper by the late Mr. Harry Pinkus" on the life-history and habits of 
Spalangia muscidarum as a parasite of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, has 
recently appeared. The author gives an excellent account of the habits and dis- 
tribution of this hymenopteron. In addition to the localities listed above, he 
has reared Spalangia from puparia collected at Denison, Texas. The adults were 
found to be scavengers, preferring the remains of the hosts to all other food. 
The adult, egg, tracheate larva and pupa are figured. Apparently the author 
did not observe the minute planidium larva. In the concluding chapter, amethod 
is given for the artificial propagation of these parasites and a special breeding 
cage is figured and described. By artificial breeding, the author believes that 
the period of development can be greatly shortened and that if the adults are 
liberated in the spring, they may be expected to be an important factor in the 
control of Stomoxys calcitrans. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
AsHMEAD, W.H. 1894 A synopsis of the Spalangiinae of North America. Proc. 
Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 27-37. 
1901 Hymenoptera parasitica. Faun. Hawaiiensis, vol. 1, part 3, pp. 
277-364 (plates 8 and 9) 
1904 Classification of the chalcid-flies or the superfamily Chalcidoidea. 
Memoirs Carnegie Mus., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 225-551. 
Ayers, Howarp 1884 On the development of Oecanthus niveus and its para- 
site, Teleas. Memoirs Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 225-281 
(plates 18-25). 
Beruese, A. 1909 Gli Insetti. Milano, pp. 1-1004. 
BisHopp, F. C. 1913 The stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans L.), an important 
live-stock pest. Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 112-126 (3 plates). 
CaMERON, P. 1881 Notes on Hymenoptera, with descriptions of new species. 
Trans. Ent. Soc., London, pp. 555-577. 
is hoo aa * 
9 Univ. of California, Agri. Exp. Station Bull., no. 226, p. 337, 1912. 
10 The life-history and habits of Spalangia muscidarum Richardson, a parasite 
of the stable fly. Psyche, 20, pp. 148-158, 1913. 
