194 Charles R. Stockard 



Mixed solutions of LiCl and sugar were also prepared in sea- 

 water. A 0.293 "^ solution of sugar was added to 0.336 m, 0.256 m 

 and 0.192 m solutions of LiCl. The general results agree with 

 those described above for the distilled water solutions, although 

 the contrast between the simple LiCl solutions, and the mixtures 

 was not so sharp. Figs. 13 to 17 of eggs when twenty hours old 

 serve to mdicate very well the conditions caused by the solutions 

 at this period. Fig. 13 shows the appearance of the majority of 

 eggs in LiCl 0.256 m + sugar 0.293 m. Fig. 14 shows the egg 

 nearest normal in the same solution. Fig. 15 indicates the stage 

 that the large majority of eggs in LiCl 0.256 without the sugar 

 have reached at this time. A marked difference exists between 

 this embryo and those in the mixture. Fig. 16 is the most abnor- 

 mal one in the LiCl 0.256 m and Fig. 17 shows a control egg at 

 this age. 



Eggs were subjected to the following distilled water mixtures of 

 NH4CI and sugar, NH^Cl i m, I m, and to m + 0.44 m sugar. 

 The development of the eggs in these different strength mixtures 

 was as we would expect from the result shown above. Those 

 in the NH4CI i m + sugar 0.44 m were all dead within nineteen 

 hours with their blastoderms in the form of balls of cells on the 

 upper pole of the egg. At this time some of those in NH^Cl \ m 

 + sugar 0.44 m had the germ-ring one-quarter way down the yolk, 

 the majority, however, showed the blastoderms as polar balls 

 which had not flattened down; many were dead. The weakest 

 solution produced fewer abnormalities. The eggs in the 0.44 m 

 solution of sugar were normal at this time, nineteen hours, and 

 those in NH^Cl 7 m had thirteen normal and seven dead. 



When forty -three hours old all of those in NH^Cl r m + sugar 

 0.44 m were dead, no embryos having been formed. Those in the 

 weak solution NH^ CI to m + sugar 0.44 m were also dead at this 

 time. Both of these solutions exert an osmotic pressure less than 

 that of sea-water. After forty-three hours eggs in NH4CI \ m 

 were almost normal, and their condition in NH^Cl to ni was the 

 same, while those in the 0.44 m sugar were well up with the 

 control. Thus again we see that the mixture exerts a far greater 

 influence on development than either constituent acting alone is 



