3l6 E. G. Spaidding 



organic realm, as in the inorganic, there are specific qualities which 

 differentiate each class of complex from every other class, or, 

 indeed, each individual from every other. The organism may 

 have, therefore, qualities which, as such, are specifically different 

 from any found in the inorganic realm; a "reduction" of these to 

 inorganic being as impossible as is that of one inorganic quality 

 to another. On the other hand, these very qualities, in that they 

 are at the same time quantities, are like the inorganic in that they 

 have in common with these the characteristics formulated in the 

 Four Laws. In just this respect there is no difference between or- 

 ganic and inorganic; they are in the same realm whatever that be 

 called. The only difference between organic and inorganic which 

 still remains is, then, just that difference which persists between 

 specific and specific, a difference which holds as good within 

 the inorganic realm as it does between it and the organic. The 

 only ground remaining for holding a distinction between the two 

 realms is, that, taking the same level of classification or compari- 

 son, the differences between certain complexes, called inorganic, 

 is less than the difference between these and certain others called 

 organic. But even this does not do away with the necessity of 

 bringing all into one realm in which the principles of Conservation, 

 Potential, Determinism, etc., are valid. I conclude, then, that 

 all events, both organic and inorganic, take place in full conform- 

 ity with these principles, and that there is no ground for holding 

 or interpreting organic events, etc., to furnish contradiction or 

 evasion of them. 



