596 fVm. E. Kellicott 



all characters are .782 — male and .851 — female, and of internal 

 characters with all characters .518 — male and .657 — female. 

 That is, with respect to the organism as a whole, as measured by 

 these thirteen characters, the external characters are in the male 

 51 per cent and in the female 29.5 per cent more perfectly corre- 

 lated than the internal characters: while among themselves only 

 the external characters are in the male 118.5 per cent and in the 

 female 53 per cent more perfectly correlated than the internal 

 characters. It will be recalled that the internal characters were 

 found to be about four times as variable as the external characters 

 so that we now find the more variable characters to be the less per- 

 fectly correlated: a high degree of variability is associated here with 

 a low degree of correlation. 



In any correlation table four groups of individuals are distin- 

 guished. Of these one group consists of individuals which are 

 below the average of each of the characters with respect to which 

 the table has been drawn, and another group of individuals above 

 the average of each character. These are the two positive quad- 

 rants of the table. A correlation table therefore gives an oppor- 

 tunity for comparing in certain respects these two classes. The 

 average deviation from the means, of each of these classes of indi- 

 viduals was determined^ in the 144 possible pairs, the sexes as usual 

 being treated separately. In 138 of the 144 possible opportuni- 

 ties for comparison the average deviation from the means was 

 greater among those below the averages. For purposes of com- 

 parison the average deviations of the two groups of a single table 

 were reduced to ratios of those above to those below the averages. 

 The actual ratios varied between .7 and 2.3, the general average 

 being 1.44. That is, the "scatter" about the regression line 

 among those individuals which are below the average size is nearly 

 one-half (44 per cent) greater than it is among those of more than 

 average size. 



Again the sexes represent distinct series for in 54 of the 66 possi- 

 ble cases where similar pairs of characters are under consideration 



and 



