HEMOLYMPH NODES AND ACCESSORY SPLEENS 243 



and positively be determined by means of the injection method. 

 It is clear, of course, that no lymph node could become a true 

 hemoljTuph (hemal) node without being deprived of its intrinsic 

 lymphatic circulation and its connection with the lymphatic sys- 

 tem. Furthermore, the vascular circulation of Ijrmphatic nodes 

 would also have to become altered very profoundly before it 

 could even remotely simulate the vascular circulation of hemo- 

 lymph (hemal) nodes, a fact wholly disregarded by v. Schumacher. 

 Besides certain modifications in the cellular content would also 

 have to occur. 



It will be recalled that Tizzoni (35 and 36, et seq.), Eternod 

 (7) and others described splenic nodules on the peritoneum and 

 great omentum which they regarded as having formed as a result 

 of physiological compensation after deficiency in function of the 

 main spleen. Griffini (15) reported similar results and believed 

 new spleens formed from the omentum of the main spleen but 

 Foa (8 and 9) on the contrary regarded these so-called newly 

 formed accessory spleens as normal variations the existence of 

 which Tizzoni had overlooked. However, Warthin (48) refer- 

 ring to Tizzoni's experiments says' that the latter's ''description 

 of their formation in adipose tissue is confirmed in every detail 

 by the findings in the above cases. (Splenectomies.) His con- 

 clusions alone must be regarded as erroneous." Tizzoni's con- 

 clusion was that accessory spleens were formed de novo while 

 Warthin concluded as Morandi and Sisto (25) had previously 

 done, that the splenic nodules found by Tizzoni, Eternod, Griffini, 

 Hosier and Winogradow were not accessory spleens at all, but 

 hemolymph nodes present before operation but which Warthin 

 considered as newly formed. The cases to which Warthin refers 

 are splenectomies on goats and sheep which resulted in a ''new 

 formation of hemolymph nodes from adipose tissue and the trans- 

 formation of hemol3rmph into ordinary lymphatic glands." This 

 new formation of hemolymph nodes in fat was observed by 

 Warthin within one month after splenectomy. Subsequently to 

 these experiments Warthin^ further reported the formation of 



1 Program of Am. Assoc. Path, and Bact.; 11th Annual Meeting. Chicago, 

 1911. 



