HEMOLYMPH NODES AND ACCESSORY SPLEENS 247 



tions present before operation. Hence splenectomy may not 

 have been the causal factor at all. The same objection holds 

 regarding the alleged increase in number of the spleens. 



A year later Tizzoni (38) published a series of conclusions 

 regarding accessory spleens drawn from sixty autopsies but he 

 gives no details. These conclusions repeat all the older concep- 

 tions regarding accessory spleens and emphasize the fact that 

 the non-experimental new formation of accessory spleens always 

 results from a chronic interstitial splenitis. Tizzoni also drew 

 further distinctions between spleens formed experimentally and 

 as a result of pathological conditions but, since no new facts 

 are pl-esented in this two-page summary and since many of 

 Tizzoni's conclusions can easily be shown to be untenable they 

 will not be discussed here. 



During June, 1883, and in 1884 Griffini and Tizzoni (16) re- 

 ported that in some instances they found newly formed nodules 

 on the main spleen and in the great omentum in a series of ninety- 

 seven partial excisions of the spleen. The pieces excised were 

 small (4 to 15 by 5 to 20 mm.) and the dogs were killed from forty 

 hours to eighty-nine days after operation. In this article which 

 the authors call a resume they give no details whatever nor do 

 they rule out reddened lymph glands. This joint resume was 

 followed by another resume by Tizzoni (40) in which he declared 

 that he wanted to test especially what would happen if splen- 

 ectomy were done on dogs in which accessory spleens had pre- 

 viously formed as a result of disease of the main spleen. These 

 experiments were regarded necessary in spite of the fact that 

 Tizzoni had at least on two previous occasions tested experi- 

 mentally and reported definite — very definite — conclusions re- 

 garding this very matter. Tizzoni again gave no details regard- 

 ing these dogs — how they were selected, how many and how 

 large the accessory spleens, how these were measured and where 

 located, and so forth, yet he reported that he found an increase 

 in the number and volume of the nodules previously present in 

 the gastro-splenic and great omenta of the two dogs on which 

 splenectomy was done. The experiment was limited to two dogs 

 ''Vir la difiiculte d'avoir des chiens qui se trouvent dans les con- 



