HEMOLYMPH NODES AND ACCESSORY SPLEENS 251 



dening thought to be present in the lymph nodes of this dog, 

 was probably not the result of splenectomy is suggested by the 

 fact that in another dog which was bled 2.6 per cent of its body 

 weight three days previously the lymphatic glands were said to 

 have been "perhaps a little larger than usual but were no redder." 

 Nucleated erythrocytes were again seen in scrapings from the 

 mesenteric glands and the author came to the conclusion that 

 erythrocytes are normally found in lymph nodes. 



Meek (24) on the other hand reported that ''the experimental 

 production of such (hemolymph) glands in the guinea-pig is 

 easy of accomplishment." Meek obtained these results by the 

 injection of toxic substances such as living pathogenic bacteria, 

 diphtheria toxin, oxalic acid and distilled water. Although Meek 

 defined a '"hemolymph gland as one which possesses a sinus 

 containing blood instead of lymph" it is clear that he did not 

 recognize that hemolymph or better hemal glands, have no re- 

 lation to the lymphatic system whatever for he continued: "It 

 would appear that in pathological conditions in the human sub- 

 ject their occurrence in large numbers is almost universal." 

 Furthermore, farther on Meek stated that since hemolymph glands 

 are only transformed lymph glands and since all manner of tran- 

 sition forms exist between the two there is no justification for 

 a separate category. Hence, it must be clear that what Meek 

 produced so easily in guinea-pigs was not hemolymph nodes at 

 all. Not organs sui generis as Drummond first claimed for hemo- 

 lymph nodes but merely changes present, even if not to the 

 same extent, in normal lymph glands. Such changes no one will 

 deny for as everyone knows it is an old, old observation, indeed, 

 that various cellular changes and the accumulation of blood cells 

 in the sinuses of lymph nodes occur under many pathological and 

 other conditions but that will fail to convert a Ijnnph node into 

 a hemal node. Tn his experiments on guinea-pigs Meek also 

 failed to state the amount and the strength of the solutions 

 used, the age and weight of the pigs and the interval between 

 the injection and the production of hemolymph nodes. 



Since all the evidence for the experimental production of hem- 

 olymph nodes and accessory spleens either de novo or from 



