HEMOLYMPH NODES AND ACCESSORY SPLEENS 257 



spleens microscopically because they contained no Malpighian 

 corpuscles, nor like lymph nodes but like transition forms result- 

 ing from pathological conditions. 



Since the primary object of these experiments was not to deter- 

 mine what organs or tissues, if any, act vicariously for the spleen 

 but to test the alleged formation of accessory spleens and hemo- 

 lymph nodes after splenectomy, no special attention could be 

 paid to microscopical changes which may occur in lymph nodes 

 after splenectomy. The necessity for injecting them precluded 

 such an examination but it may be recalled that Vincent found 

 no changes in the lymph nodes after splenectomy. However, 

 since his examinations were made on dogs five to six months 

 after operation early changes as reported by Freytag may never- 

 theless have been present. Moreover, since Warthin reported 

 the formation of hemolymph nodes in the abdominal cavity as 

 early as a month after splenectomy, this observation and the 

 above findings may undoubtedly partly be accounted for by such 

 early changes in lymph nodes. This supposition also receives 

 some support from observations after splenectomy by Wino- 

 gradow (53), Zesas, Hegar and Simon and others. 



In considering the factors responsible for the reddening of 

 lymph nodes and the presence of blood in the sinuses Vincent 

 (44) said: "I have not so far studied the blood-supply to these 

 glands by means of injection, nor have I succeeded in finding 

 the bloodvessels in direct communication with the 'lymph si- 

 nuses of the gland, but from the large number of red corpuscles 

 sometimes found in them, I am convinced that there must be 

 such communication."^ It would be foolish to deny the possi- 

 bility of the exceptional existence of such intra-nodal communi- 

 cations but from a large series of injections made into such nodes 

 one is prompted to recall that Hyrtl tells us that someone was 

 convinced that the seat of the soul was in the pineal gland but 

 reflectively adds, ''He found it not." 



Winogradow, who found that the lymph nodes were enlarged 

 soft, juicy, and dark and light red — especially red in the cortex — 



^ Lewis (21) stated that his observations regarding the existence of such com- 

 munications are confirmed by himself, by Winogradow and also by Warthin. 



