274 N. E. McINDOO 



entrance and jump at and usually seize any intruder. Half of 

 them were old bees. When introduced into the cases most of 

 them ate candy greedily, and the others ran about aimlessly. A 

 day later most of them were quiet, some were seen eating, a few 

 acted as guards, several carried bits of comb and cotton, a few 

 pulled and tugged on the cotton, and the rest wandered about 

 trying to get out. They never fanned except when excited. 

 When either fanners or guards are removed from their hives and 

 are put into observation cases, they cease to perform their special 

 duties but carry on all the various vocations as far as they can 

 under the conditions. This would indicate that in the hive a 

 worker performing a special duty is capable of doing all kinds 

 of work in case of need. 



When one-day-old bees are introduced into observation cases 

 they wander about considerably, although quite slowly. After a 

 short time they become quiet and are inactive. They soon learn 

 to eat candy and from this time on become more lively. They 

 live from 17 hours to 13, days, with 5 days and 17 hours as an 

 average. 



When both young and old bees are put into an observation 

 case, the young ones generally begin at once to clean the old 

 ones. A young bee meets the old worker face to face, they 

 stroke one another's antennae, and immediately the younger one 

 begins to clean the older one's wings, legs, abdomen, and other 

 parts. Ordinarily young workers clean bees older than them- 

 selves. 



Very young bees, whether or not they are sisters of the bees 

 already in the cases, are never attacked, and in fact the old bees 

 "pay little attention" to the young ones. 



QUEENS 



When the nine bees in the observation case have a queen they 

 appear to be slightly less restless and devote much of their time 

 to her. They feed and clean her and usually at least a few are 

 always around her. When a strange queen is put among them, 

 they seem at first to be slightly afraid of her and keep their 



