276 N. E. McINDOO 



placed into a case without any workers they Hve in peace among 

 themselves. 



Those which are continually tormented by the workers usually 

 live only a few hours, while those that are not molested generally 

 live several days. One lived 13 days and 2 hours, while the aver- 

 age for all was 3 days and 9 hours. 



When only one or two drones are in a case they are never 

 seen eating, but when several are in each case, and if they are 

 not tormented by the workers, it is quite common to see them 

 eating candy. Out of 99 drones observed only once was a worker 

 seen feeding a drone and in only two cases did one drone feed 

 another. 



Of all three castes of bees in observation cases, the workers 

 are the most active. Queens come second but their actions are 

 extremely sluggish compared with those of the workers. Drones 

 are the least active, although when irritated they move about 

 more actively than queens. Drones usually remain more or 

 less torpid, which causes them to appear sluggish. 



EFFECTS OF CLIPPING WINGS 



Some additional cases of the same dimensions as the observa- 

 tion cases were made with wire-screen bottoms and dark red 

 glass tops and provided with candy. Half of the right wing in 

 12 middle-aged workers was clipped off and the bees were put 

 into one of these cases. Twelve bees from the same colony and 

 of the same age which did not have their wings clipped were 

 put into a second case with a lump of candy. These cases were 

 kept in a dark table drawer and the death of each bee was re- 

 corded. This was repeated several times, and it was ascertained 

 that the bees with clipped wings lived from 1 day and 19 hours 

 to 12 days and 3 hours, with an average of 9 days and 4 hours; 

 those not clipped, from 19 hours to 13 days and 19 hours, with an 

 average of 9 days and 3 hours. Of the former 71 bees were used 

 and of the latter 66. 



In each set of 9 bees kept in the first type of observation case, 

 various portions of one or both wings were removed from 8 of 



