OLFACTORY SENSE OF THE HONEY BEBt 293 



and cedar and the same bees were afterwards tested with smoke. 

 Not one of 50 mutilated bees so treated showed any reaction, 

 while the. normal bees never failed to react. 



The mutilated bees in these experiments were restless and 

 wandered about considerably. They often crawled into cells. 

 Occasionally one cleaned itself and sometimes other workers 

 cleaned them; very often a mutilated worker fed one to three 

 other bees before it crawled off the comb and disappeared. How 

 long these mutilated bees lived can not be stated because they 

 were soon lost among the other bees. Three or four hours 

 afterward two or three of them were found lifeless in front of 

 the hive. 



Aliss Fielde ('03 a) believes that the olfactory organs which 

 an ant uses in recognizing enemies lie in the fifth and sixth an- 

 tennal segments. To ascertain if one or more particular anten- 

 nal joints of bees bear olfactory organs which are used in recog- 

 nizing strange bees, 3 to 8 joints were cut from both antennae of 

 3 lots of 9 middle-aged bees each. These mutilated workers were 

 introduced into an observation case and their behavior was 

 studied. No abnormality in behavior was noticed among them 

 except that they were slightly less active. Occasionally when 

 first introduced one attacked another, although not seriously, 

 and no injury was ever done to any of them. They lived scarcely 

 9 days on an average. 



Nine bees with 2 to 8 joints of both antennae amputated were 

 introduced into an observation case. The following day several 

 strange bees, one at a time, were put into the same case. Most 

 of the mutilated bees at once noticed a stranger and in a few 

 seconds one of the strange bees was attacked. Both fighting bees 

 were immediately removed from the case, the stranger was dis- 

 carded, while the mutilated bee was killed and its remaining an- 

 tennal joints counted. This experiment was repeated seven 

 times. In all, 72 mutilated bees and as many uninjured ones 

 were used. In only a few instances did the mutilated bees at- 

 tack each other. This can always be prevented by keeping the 

 bees isolated for a short time after the operation. When strange 

 bees were put among the mutilated ones almost one-half of the 



