Studies on Regulation. 469 



well as the environmental factors in varying degree. Indeed, in 

 most cases, if not in all, we may regard organic form as the visible 

 effect upon the protoplasm of functional activity in the widest sense, 

 occurring in a given environment. But the basis of this functional 

 activity is to be found in the composition of the protoplasm to- 

 gether with environmental factors. I believe this distmction be- 

 tween protoplasmic composition and organic form is important. 

 In general the composition of the protoplasm determines — not 

 form but functional activity of some sort, and m consequence of 

 the internal or external conditions connected with the activity and 

 produced by it form appears. We may say that morphological 

 form is the visible expression of protoplasmic activity in a given 

 environment. 



If my experiments succeed in establishing for certain cases cer- 

 tain definite factors in the complex of conditions upon which form 

 depends, something has been gained, especially when we con- 

 sider the vagueness or the anthropomorphic character of many 

 hypotheses concerning form, and when we remember for instance 

 that Driesch has made certain aspects of the problem of form the 

 basis of his theory of the autonomy of the vital processes, while 

 certain other authors hold that the problem is at present insoluble. 

 If it has proven insoluble thus far I believe it is because of the 

 methods employed rather than the nature of the problem. 



C. EXPERIMENTAL PART. 



I. The Central Nervous System in Relation to Behavior. 



The characteristic movements of the normal animal (Child, 

 '04) are coordinated in such manner that definite characteristic 

 results are obtained: locomotion in a definite direction is possible 

 and the motor reactions to various stimuli possess a definite 

 character. Removal of the cephalic ganglia brings about a 

 marked chang-e in the character of the movements. Pieces with- 

 out the cephalic ganglia appear at first glance to be in great degree 

 incapable of movement. Careful observation of the pieces shows, 

 however, that they are capable of at least many of the character- 

 istic movements of the species but that those movements are much 

 less powerful and lack coordination. 



