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cultivated on the same field, and are the advantages derived from 
mixed cultivation sufficiently great to abo 7 oa pernicious 
influence which one species may exercise upon the o 
“It is generally accepted that the cacao tree during al ie of 
its development requires some shade and shelter, it becomes 
naturally desirable to use for these purposes trees which could at 
the same time yield a product, and add to the revenue of the estate, 
** Shade or shelter in cacao planting must be considered under 
two different heads according to its purpose and character, namely as 
temporary and permanent shade. 
“ Under the term ap ar shade we wish to refer to the pro- 
tection required during the first years after the establishment of 
the plantation, before the trees planted for permanent shade have 
grown up. Since young cacao trees under all circumstances require 
more shade than mature ones, the temporary shade has to be more 
dense, and for this purpose therefore rapidly growing plants with 
large and abundant leaves are generally employed, as for regs 
bananas. No rubber plants are eae for temporary shade, 
in the notes which follow, conditions governing the Piahtine of 
permanent shade trees will therefore be se naavey considered. 
“The requirements for shade vary considerably according to 
locality, variety of cacao, and distance at which the cacao trees 
are planted ; whilst protection against prevailing winds will almost 
always be necessary. Overshading is often practised, and the 
vere of much fungoid disease is often dae to mistakes in this 
direction 
“An ‘aad shade tree should answer the following requirements :— 
“ A tall-growing tree developing its branches about 12 feet above 
the ground ; the branches should be strong and elastic, not liable to 
breakage in storms. The tree should be a subsoil feeder, and should 
change its leaves annually, without being decidedly deciduous. It 
should be a rapid grower, and yield a marketable product, without 
drawing too much on the fertility of the land. It should of course 
be a tree not requiring shade for its own proper development. 
“ It would carry us too far to review here the numerous trees which | 
are met with planted as shade among cacao ; few or none answer all 
the above mentioned requirements. a ‘particularly interest us 
are the commonly planted rubber tree 
* Hevea brasiliensis is a tall and So grower, developing a good 
and high shade. It is however a surface feeder with a very dense 
root system, liable to mat the soil and thus interfere with the 
development of the cacao roots. As has been proved in the West 
Indies, Hevea may grow well without developing sufficient latex to 
pay tapping, and it cannot therefore be generally recommende 
“ Funtumia elastica is decidedly a forest tree, requirin: hide for 
its own development and can therefore be left without further 
consideration. 
“The species of Ficus offer great advantages as windbreaks, 
planted at some distance from the cacao, as for instance on the 
opposite side of roads or > cuca: For shade inside the plantation 
they are too bulky and the root system is too wide and dense. 
