9 
September until shooting parties are over, which may not be until 
about the end of January. Moreover, gamekeepers must have the run 
of the woods, and, in the event of undergr rowth being scarce, branches 
of Scots pine and other evergreens may have to be introduced from 
other places and stuck in the ground. As a result of this, branches 
brought from disease-infected trees have sometimes started an 
epidemic in what was previously a clean plantation. In some cases 
it, has been noticed that some of the poorer trees had been ee 
chopped through and broken over so as to lie on the ground, Such 
proceeding may be advantageous from the gamekeeper’s point. a 
view ; it certainly is not so from that of the forester. The rearing 
of pheasants, however, causes but slight annoyance as compared 
with the damage done by hares and rabbits 
Hares and rabbits are responsible for sshd damage by the 
wholesale nibbling of the bark of young trees. Some plantations 
have been observed where almost every beech and oak had been 
nibbled, and it appears that it has been necessary to plant some woods 
three times over on this account. Many of the younger plantations 
are roel herein by wire netting. This, however, is an expensive 
and adds considerably to the upkeep of woodlands. The 
yates of debiting the game department with the cost of wire 
netting has been introduced on some estates; this appears to be 
a proper step to take, since but for the game, wire netting 
would not be required. Acting on strictly business principles, the 
game department ought to be debited with the - caused by 
nibbled trees, extra a and introduced insect pes 
amage caused by hunting is usually due to thoughtlseness 
In the excitement of a ch chase young plantations some 
suffer, whilst cases are known where a huntsman and his (iii of 
hounds have quartered themselves as Shep in a two-year-old 
plantation as they would have done on a meadow. 
Labour.—As a rule the work on an estate is carried on b 
regular me Ordinary woodmen are drawn from the neigh- 
bour foresters and foremen from other parts of the 
country. A fow young foresters move about from estate to estate 
to gain experience, and these are the men who raed obtain 
situations in after life as head foresters. BY extra labour 
required for planting, men are preferred w ave led an agri- 
cultural life, that is to say, men who have thal farms in the 
vicinity, and their sons, or agricultural labourers, The older 
foresters have very decided views with regard to the training of 
young foresters. They maintain that a sound practical training is 
essential but not sufficient, and that a certain amount of theoretical 
knowledge, with some idea of general estate management, is desirable. 
On this account some foresters give those under them theoretical 
instruction, lessons on book-keeping and other subjects, while those 
in the vicinity of Newcastle endeavour to get their men to take the 
tal course of lectures given at the Armstrong College in that 
city. 
Visir to Rorueruam.—Novy. 24. 
Rotherham is typical of towns in the iron and coal 
industry and the atm here is y charged with smoke and ee 
cher impurities which exer datos et —— coe 
