The disease is not present in the seed, although its early- 
appearance on seedlings has led sum.' to suppose this to be the 
case. The crop always commences perfectly free from disease, 
and its appearance is due to the plants having been infected by 
teleutospores formed during the previous autumn. Rotation of 
crops does much towards guarding against ihe disease. If beet or 
mangold be sown on ground that produced a diseased crop the 
previous season infection is almost certain to result, since, however 
much care may be exercised in removing all diseased leaves, 
numerous teleutospores are certain to fall to the ground, where 
they remain unchanged until the following crop is ready for 
infection. It is therefore advisable not to grow the same crop Cor 
two years in succession on the same ground. 
Badly diseased beet-leaves are injurious to stock, and even if this 
were not the case it is perfectly certain that when such leaves 
are placed in the piggery, or given to cattle, myriads of teleuto- 
spores in a condition for germination are placed on the hue I along 
with the manure, and a diseased crop is the result. The safest, 
and in the end the most economical method is to collect all diseased 
tops that are twisted off when the roots are lifted and bury 
them ; the small amount of fodder or manure so sacrificed is cer- 
tainly much less than the risk— almost a certainty— of having an 
infected crop the following season. 
Leaf Spot. 
(Gercospora beticola, Sacc.) 
Probably the most destructive leaf disease to which beet and 
mangold are subject. The first external indication of the fundus 
is the presence of numerous minute, roundish pale spots on the 
leaves and leaf -stalks. These spots continue to increase in size 
!aV°£ e * me ' ^coming irregular in shape, and often run into 
each other, forming large irregular blotches which are pale at first 
and often bounded by a dark line ; eventually these blotches 
which show on both sides of the W w™/^"^" IIV" 6 :' 
~.w C Z "«^ My a. uarK nue ; event. 
St. .7 °f b f °L h 8ides of the lea£ ' ^come darker in S? 
and the entire leaf becomes almost black, shrivels, and dies 
brown ftmgns-threads or conTdiophoree, each T bearinZneV ' 
long, Blender reproductive bodies or conUUa Thesfc^iHif f " 
fallen diseased leaves remain lult l g u°™ d b * rain or on 
young beet plantsThe I^lnfZson™* "" ^^ ™* inJect 
thelrowi^j H^ZT^Tit °W ** tMs di — ■ »n» 
From the evident ? Xde^^' ^alvU P "^ ^V" "*<"**■ 
American vegetable pathologist remark 1 ZfT"' ? ammel - an 
sugar beet :_« 1 think it is ££ ™^f tlJ? » * in re » iri *° 
m the beet itself is scarcelyTm nished Tb» ? am ° mit o£ sn « ar 
from a smaller amonnt of the tot" product " &S " C ° mea m ™ 1 ? 
