298 
pointed out that, as Schenck has already shown for Kerguelen 
Island, palisade parenchyma is often but feebly developed, 
apparently owing to the general cloudiness of the skies. 
Certain features are identical in the different groups, namel 
the Danthonia (Gramineae) meadows or moors of the Auckland and 
Campbell Islands, the Olearia Lyallii (Compositae) formations of 
the Snares and Ewing Island, and the Pleurophyllum Hookeri (Com- 
sitae) formation of the subalpine zone of Auckland, Adams, and 
Campbell Islands. Space does not permit a review of the various 
formations in detail. The sand dunes, however, are remarkable in 
having no sand binding plant, Scirpus frondosus, though common in 
Stewart Island* and the Chatham Islands, being absent. In the 
Rata forest the conditions are very hygrophitic, and bryophytes 
abound and have in the long course of ages formed a deep deposit 
of peat. The forest passes insensibly into mountain scrub. The 
Pleurophyllums—of which some excellent figures are 
with Stilbocarpa polaris (Araliaceae) form one of the most striking 
associations of the islands, and probably represent, according to 
Cheeseman, the remnant of the ancient endemic flora of this region. 
f introduced plants in the Auckland group, Phormium tenaz, 
which is also naturalized in Campbell Island, appears to be making 
steady increase and invading the young forests. © 
Dr. Cockayne’s memoir affords highly interesting and instructive 
reading, and conveys an excellent picture of the conditions of 
vegetation in the Subantarctic Islands. 
“Introductory Essay” to the “Flora Antarctica,” to 
* Stewart Island forms the subject of “The R —— " 
. eport of a Botanical Surve 
ee a ne, recently published by the Daparunaat of Lands, New sites 
ans sions ed 4 Paes of number of excellent pictures of the vegetation, 
Tslands Hirpedition. interest in connection with the Memoirs of the Southern 
