Williams - p. 8 
3. Anoles out of place 
In several instances anoles which have been intentionally or unintention- 
ally introduced to areas strange to them have been the subject of very useful 
ecological or even genetic study. A. trinitatis and A. aeneus on Trinidad 
aa been carefully examined by Gorman and others. The introductions of 
. grahami, A. leachi and A. extremus into Bermuda have been documented by 
Giveate and the animals studied by Schoener (see some remarks under his name 
above) and more recently by Gorman, The colonies of A. extremus and A. 
wattsi on St. Lucia have been examined by Rand and by Gorman. There are a 
considerable number of other introductions, some of which may be as interesting. 
Williams has in preparation a survey and summary of the known cases. 
Among the more interesting cases that have received little or no previous 
mention are: (1) Anolis cristatellus of Puerto Rico within the city of La 
Romana in the Dominican Republic (this population has received mention without 
comment in a paper in press by Roughgarden); (2) Anolis marmoratus in the city 
of Cayenne, French Guiana; (3) A. extremus in the back part of a restaurant in 
Caracas, Venezuela (bare mention by Peters and Donoso-Barros in the Check- 
list of Squamata). 
4, Bicolor dewlaps 
Williams has been investigating the significance of bicolor dewlaps in 
certain anoles. In A. distichus of Hispaniola and A. lineatopus of Jamaica 
there appear to be an association of dewlap color (amount of orange versus 
yellow or white) and climatic adaptation. In A. distichus the evidence 
currently suggests that the association extends to deme level and that the 
variable dewlaps may be signals that ensure a greater probability that 
individuals of like physiological type will mate with one another (semi- 
assortative mating). 
Williams points out that a bicolor dewlap with a dark center and light 
margin has the possibility of extreme variation from solid dark to complete 
light with every intermediate stage with very little ambiguity at any stage. 
This is then a flash signal that is both highly visible and readily interpret- 
able, and one that will be so under many conditions (light or shade 
obstructed or unobstructed vision). If the precise mix of light and dark 
were strongly correlated with genotypes finely tuned to certain environmental 
conditions, such a signal could be important in the choice of a mate, could 
in fact permit considerable subtlety in a mate. It could maximize the 
probability of choosing a mate of optimum genetic makeup - most likely a 
near relative - while permitting some variability in choice if the optimum 
genotype as signaled by a particular dewlap pattern were not available. 
