Fig. “ —Free spores x 400. 
—Sordaria crustosa, on dung. Nat. size. 
a a —Perithecia x 40. 
a + .—Ascus containing spores x 400. 
400. 
me s —Diplodia rapax, on branch of Hevea brasiliensis. Nat. 
ize. 
» 14 aes x 400. 
ss vs —Marasmius scandens. Nat. size. 
- 1 .—Upper ine of pileus x 20. 
» 18.—Spores 00. 
= 19. Ophiobolus calathus, x 100. 
,» 20.—Ascus containing spores x 400. 
»  21.—Free spores x 
Il—FORESTRY NOTES. 
W. DaALLIMoRE. 
During the last week of November a tour was made through 
some of the wooded country in the north east of England, with the 
combined object of obtaining material for the Forestry Museum 
and observing the behaviour ‘of various trees growing under forest 
conditions in different soils and at varying altitudes. The time was 
spent between 5 estates, viz., Raby Castle, Haydon Bridge, Alnwick 
Castle, Chatsworth and Wortley, whilst a visit was also paid to 
therham, where notes were made on the condition of trees 
exposed to the adverse influence of smoke and other atmospheric 
impurities. 
Before entering on a detailed description of the work done on the 
estates visited on this occasion, it may not be out of place to allude 
to certain general considerations and reflections induced by similar 
visits to localities in various parts of the country where trees are 
cultivated under torest conditions. 
General condition of Plantations.—Broadly speaking, woods up to 
20 years of age are found to oe in good condition, but many older 
ones are suffering from over-thinning and over-aged trees. Owners. 
estate agents and foresters are “GHeiuaaslls over forestry matters, 
but much uphill work is necessary to counterbalance the effects of 
Beptect and apoE manipulation in bygone years. 
trees are allowed to remain year after year. From a practica 
point of view such plantations ought to be cut over by degrees, 80 
