216 COMPOSITAE. 
which all the flowers are tubular, is sudden; stillthe peri- 
pherial ones are more imperfect as to size at least, than the 
inner ones. Perhaps such should immediately follow Cardua- 
ce, particularly as many have appendages to the anthers, 
on the apical one, however I think very little stress is to be 
laid. 
Thus hiing with Carduaceæ, we should pass on the Co- 
rymbifere commencing with those in which the radical 
flowers are tubular, thence to the Radiatz through Erigeron 
or those genera which either have ligulate, or evidently a li- 
gulate tendency, but in which either no ray at all is deve- 
loped, or developed merely on the circumference, and 
thence to the true Ligulate, keeping up the chain with re- 
ference to the greater or less development of the radius. 
Mamie certainly are the most perfect, and Ligulate 
are the n 
doctae mutability resides in the involucra, and the 
fact of their becoming incurved when the florets are re- 
moved for the examination of the receptacle, shews admira- 
ble design. "Their contraction, for such it certainly is, al- 
though probably limited to one surface, is very distinct and 
strong 
Is there any thing definite in the number of the pappus ? 
There is an obvious relation between the development of 
the epigynous disk and the stamina, for the disk is only de- 
veloped to any degree in the hermaphrodite flowers—the only 
ones I have yet examined on this point. This is what one 
would have expected, the disk being a staminal organ. . 
The composition of the inflorescence has been shewn in 
every instance hitherto examined by me, except Sphieranthes 
in which it is centripetal, so far at least as the aggregate is 
concerned. In the others, the central and really terminal 
head is always first in development, so that it may be laid 
down as a rule, that all simple inflorescences are centripetal ; 
all compound centrifugal. 
The fact of the inflorescence of Sphzranthus being Cen- 
