GENERAL REMARKS. 219: 
In all cases where lizulation is not the essence of the 
formation of a compound flower, it is accompanied by. 
a reduction even to total obliteration of the stamina, an 
argument in favour of the affinity in nature, between the 
stamina and petals, This is particularly evident in Calen- 
dula vulgaris, in which the slightest tendency to ligulation 
i$ accompanied by abortion or at any rate, want of power 
in the male organs. And hence perhaps this tendency.to 
ligulation may almost be expected to be greater in those 
Plants of the order, in which the ligulate florets of the ray 
are entirely neuter. This is also pointed out by certain regular 
flowered genera such as Centaurea, in which the extra deve- 
lopment of the radiate flowers is associated with loss of 
Sexual power, but it is not only the actual over-develop- 
Ment that is attended with this effect, but also the slightest 
tendency to unilabiate flowers in a host of Corymbiferz. 
Von Buch’s theory is too partially supported by facts 
to entitle it to be adopted in so general a matter, as the pro- 
duction of ligulate flowers in Composite. 
In Cichorium* there is a singularity connected with the 
anthers, from the midrib of each of which, a remarkably fine 
membrane is produced, which contracts a firm adhesion with 
the similar productions of the anther of either side ; along 
the line of union is a dark line simulating at first sight a line 
due to vascularity ; these membranes are quite distinct from the 
other part of the anthers. They are produced only from the con- 
nection of the polliniferous portion of the anther. See Pl. 
CCCCLX VI. Fig. d. 
The structare of the base of the style is only in excess of 
_ “Sat which occurs in all truly adhering calyces, and is I cone 
IM evidence of a tendency to produce additional stamina, 
quantity of this glandular substance varies much ; in Ci- 
um, it is highly developed. 
wu, teria resembles very much in habit, certain forms of Campa- 
