GENERAL REMARKS 587 
fruit, be considered as spaces between the carpellary leaves, 
dependent on the inflexion of these, and it also requires that 
the canals of communication between the stigmatic lines of 
each leaf and its placentz shall not run down between the 
margins of each leaf, but between the margins of contiguous 
eaves. 
The only thing in its favour is the appearance and dis- 
tinctness of the stigmata, but intimate union between con- 
tiguous stigmatic lines may exist at a very early period, we 
must admit also that the styles are bilobed, but this is not an 
E unen structure. 
E There is nothing perhaps more fixed in Botany than the 
E relation of the two surfaces of the leaf with the stem, all the 
inversions are satisfactorily explainable. It is difficult I think, 
to conceive how any inversion of an adherent scl mid leaf 
| €àn occur. 
The whole of our ideas of adherent seston perhaps require 
Modification. In Cactus the cavity of the ovarium is a cavity 
B. in the flowering branch, the structure of which is otherwise 
Precisely the same as that of the ordinary branches. 
-. Or the calyx must be considered as highly imbricated, 
each sepal producing the same bodies in its axille as the 
: leaves do, but here also there is nothing whatever to point out, 
that there is such adhesion, the structure is perfectly homo- 
. geneous ; on this point too much attention cannot be paid to 
Escholtzia, in which although the sepals are originally hypo- 
ynus, they subsequently become lifted. up into perigynism 
Y à growth of the torus round the lower part of the ovary. 
he margin of this is also produced into a calycine rim. 
: Coccinia is chiefy remarkable for the spurious subdivision 
the fruit, The original placentæ are however , recog- 
Sable at an advanced period, by attending to the direction 
3 the seeds. 
Few Structures could be more disguised than this, the 
es between the placenta being completely filled up by 
pi 
