GENERAL REMARKS. ` 729 
erder that Umbelliferæ are related to Sambuceæ, curious en- 
quiries suggest themselves concerning pappus.  Vateriana 
would lead as to suppose, that this organ is more developed 
according as the flowers are submitted to more or less mutual 
pressure, This subject can however only be cleared up by am- 
ple examination, many exceptions would appear to exist 
to the idea in Composite. 
The abortion of the ovaria ought to be examined, parti- 
cularly as to its constancy with relation to the parts of the 
flower, because this may suggest other affinities with Com- 
posita. 
I am inclined to doubt the affinity of Vites with Umbel- 
liferæ, it is an instance rather of analogy. The inferior 
calyx, valvate corolla, and particularly the position of the 
stamina relatively to this, the plurality of seeds and their 
direction are all important marks of difference. 
! I could shew with equal reason affinities with an order, 
usually, supposed to be far removed, Cucurbitacee, in habit 
articulation, tendrils, (although these fulcra perhaps have 
not the same origin in the two organs,) in polypetalism, and 
opposition of stamina. 
Through Sambucez they pass into Caprifoliaceze, in some 
of which a degradation of calyx occurs, and to Saxifragee 
through Hydrangea. 
In the inflexion of the stamina during estivation Vateri- 
ana agrees additionally with Umbelliferze. In this genus 
there is tendency towards Dipsacee, which have connate 
filaments, indicated by the union of the filaments towards 
the base where they are adnate to the corolla. The effect of 
this is the formation of a sort of septum, which with the 
gibbosity gives somewhat the appearance of a tendency to 
calcaration. 
The zestivation is imbricate, the venation is curious, the 
primary veins being luminary and axile, mutually giving off 
. . Cross branches which run across the sinuses, before arriving 
. Opposite to each, they give off a branch which however does 
R4 
