387 
circumference, those nearest the collum being about an inch long.” 
In the few specimens taken up at Kew, the rhizomes were 
about 1 cm. in diameter and up to 8 em. lone. The stolons 
out from their base other stolons. The stolons appear to persist 
as rhizomes through several seasons, connecting the leaf bunches 
which have sprung from them. There is no doubt that the stolons 
and rhizomes often grow much larger. There is, for instance, a 
stolon in one of Turczaninow’s specimens quite 15 em. long, 
although the tip is broken off, and Balansa describes the rhizome’ 
of the Tonkin specimens as ‘long and stout.’ A copious supply of 
roots is developed from the nodes of the rhizomes as well as from 
those of the base of the shoots, some of them attaining 2-3 mm. in 
diameter and usually densely clothed with root fibres. 
Culms.—Turczaninow describes the culms of Z. latifolia as 
“orgyales” and taller than those of Z. aquatica; but the latter 
also attain to similar dimensions, although there occur forms which 
are not higher than 40-50 cm. The internodes of the underground 
and overground stems of Z. latifolia are hollow and divided into 
chambers by numerous thin diaphragms. Similar diaphragms are 
also found in the culms of Z. aquatica, but they are more delicate 
and often break down. 
+ themselves so as 
h states are commonly seen 
bear male spikelets, 
ikelets with a preponderance 
d upper parts of the 
