191 
The imports of decorticated nuts in 1897 were only 1,000 Ibs., 
of ground-nuts in the shell, 138,102 Ibs. 
e exclusion of foreign nuts is well shown by the above 
figures, which may be taken in conjunction with the statements 
that in years of low prices the cost of transport precluded the 
importation of renters tev Sa gph grep mig te 1881, p. 81), 
and that in 1894, ow t from Africa met 
with no market (U. S. yah ae as "1394, p. 240). 
EXPRESSION OF THE OIL IN EUROPE. 
The oil is expressed from the seeds in the following manner, as 
described by Dr. P. Uhlitzsch (Die aetna cc bate tn Ver- 
suchs-stationen, xli., 1892, p. 400) :-—* by means of brushing 
the pods the unshelled nuts have been lenied: they are broken 
between rollers and passed on to a fan which winnows out the 
light ag ces of husk. When the seeds are sufficiently broken 
they a acked into a cylinder in re la ayers, each layer 
secmitited by a loth of ibnsetiate The firs t pressing is but ore? 
the resulting cakes are very flat, loose, and easily broken. The 
finely in a 
rst expression in the cold gives an almost colourless oil 
with sobdenhis taste and smell, which serves as a pure table oil, 
and is used for making oleo-margarine ; the sec atid yields 
‘sweet oil,’ and the > nat is cal bagi for burning ; the third 
expression, pons with heat, give oil—rabat oil—of a yellow 
il 
ary these different pressings 30-40 per cent. a2 the oil is 
rises cide, in something like the following proportion 
“ 1st expression, 16-18 per cent. of a fine table oil 
“2nd es 1-8 <5 of a table oil o 
WiiontnaGii oil. 
“ 3rd 7-8 of an eo oil. 
“The oil-cake left contains about 75 per c 
Sach is the result of expression seed on at the mills of 
Hamburg, Berlin, Marseilles, Rouen, &e. pesca to Heuzé, 
the nuts in Spain, when pressed as soon as gathered, often give 
rcent.; in Italy 50° per cent. is obtained, in In ia, 43 per 
cent., in Senegal, 30-33 per cent., and at Pondicherry, 37 per cent. 
The used in the process are made of horse hair or wool. 
The cake varies in shape according to the machinery used. 
Those eth in Riga are twice as long as those made in West and 
South Germany. 
When it i is intended to devote the whole of the oil to soap- 
boiling, ¢ ical means are used in its extraction—carbon 
bisulphide, petroleum-ether, benzene or cana ol. 
such substances as carbon bisulphide obviously leaves the cake 
unfit for food. 
23793 B 
