199 
undoubtedly to the deterioration of the crops due to exhaustion 
of the soil. On p. 197 it was pointed out how crop after crop 
wears out the land. No wonder considering the richness of the 
material taken off in the harvest! As the farmers of Virginia 
have been forced to redagaiid land which once yielded 50 bushels 
per acre presently gradgingly produces 20, and so too with the 
successive crops of the 
Freight has operated dasatoats the export trade of India. Tos 
the considerable addition of bulk made by the husk the pt 
ungi and bacteria thereu comm their ravages 0 
oken k els, producing mepeingtoeee her measured by 
Marseilles prices, is exp following table. It is 
calculated from data in the Compte font for 1898, and by allow- 
ing that the husk removed takes 23 per cent. from the weight. 
Prices at Marseilles in frances per 100 kilograms. 
Estimated cost 
of.100 kilos of 
Year. Undecorticated. | kernels in un- Decorticated. 
decorticated 
ts. 
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mow t 
ee ee eee es eee 
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The cake resulting from the expression of seed, much injured 
by fungi and bacteria is, like the oil, rancid, and if, as is probable, 
the fungi again assert themselves after expression, loses its valuable 
fatty constituents by degrees. “Ritthausen and Baumann have 
pong 2 der a great loss is caused by fungi in other oil-cakes 
samples o n 
cent. at. oll, contained after two years only 1- 98 and 1°87 per cent. 
when overrun by fungi.” (Biffen in Annals of Botany, 1899, 
2) 
