20 
the largest trees are about 35 ft. high. The majority of the 
leaves are scale-like, but small shoots with acicular leaves are 
sometimes found. The timber is reputed to be of good quality 
and has been recommended for railway sleepers. 
J. formosana, Hayata.—Prickly Cypress. 
_ A species spread over a considerable area in China and also 
found in the mountains of Formosa. It was introduced to this 
country about the middle of last century, but*is rare in cultiva- 
tion and is usually met with under the name of J. oblonga pen- 
dula. Elwes and Henry l.c, 1415-1417, give some particulars 
about the tree and its distribution and say that it grows about 
40 ft. high in China. It is, however, apparently the same tree 
to which Wilson refers in ‘‘A Naturalist in Western China,” 
i. p. 176, when he says: ‘‘ At Erb-tao-chiao I photographed a 
magnificent juniper tree 75 ft. tall, 22 ft. in girth with gracetul 
pendent branches.’’ The timber only appears to be of local use. 
° 
J. macrocarpa, Sibth.—Large-berried Juniper. 
This species is found as a bush or aihiall tree throughout 
Southern Europe and in some parts of N. Africa. The leaves 
are. acicular, often § in. long, and the berries are up to 4 in. 
in diameter. The fragrant wood appears to be used with that 
of J. Oxycedrus for distillation. 
J. macropoda, Boiss.—Himalayan Pencil Cedar. 
imalayan tree widely’ distributed from Nepal to 
Afghanistan, often from 40-50 ft. high with a trunk 6-7 ft. 
in girth, but sometimes much larger. It appears to connect 
the Eastern J. chinensis with the Western P ‘excelsa, being 
nearest to the former species. Specimens of the wood in 
useum No, IIT. at Kew have reddish heart-wood and yellow 
sap-wood. Writers on Indian timbers describe the wood as 
fragrant and moderately hard, and to be used for wall-plates, 
beams and fuel. A closely allied tree from the same region 
is J. religiosa. 
__ 4. mexicana, Schiede.—Rock Cedar, J uniper Cedar, Mountain 
Cedar, Cedar. 
This species is reported as forming forests on the limestone 
hills of Mexico and Texas where it sometimes reaches 95 ft. 
high. The wood is described as hard, weak, close-grained and 
brown. It is used for general nos Nena fencing, sills, tele- 
J. occidentalis, Hook—Canadian J uniper, Californian 
Juniper, Western Red Cedar, Yellow Cedar. 
Sargent, ‘‘ Silva of North America,’’ x., describes this tree 
a3 sometimes attaining a Pa al of 40-50 ft., with a trunk 3 ft. 
ch 
mere bush. It is widely distributed in North-West America 
from Canada to California, and produces a heavy, close-grained 
