a1 
and fragrant wood, of good lasting quality, which is com- 
parable to the rougher samples of J. virginiana and is' used for 
fencing as it lasts well in contact with the soil. 
J. Oxycedrus, Linn.—Sharp Cedar, Brown-berried Juniper. 
_ This species is common throughout the Mediterranean region 
from sea level up to 5000-6000 ft., usually as a shrub but some- 
times as a small tree. In Italy it occupies considerable areas 
on sand dunes. The leaves are acicular and resemble those of 
Cedrus. The principal use of the wood is for distillation, 
the oil extracted being known as ‘‘oil of cade.’’? Factories for 
the distillation of the oil are established in the Maritime Alps. 
The wood is cut into sections which, from their appearance, are 
called ‘‘cades gros’’ or ‘‘ cades maigres,’’ the latter are used 
as fuel and the former placed in the still for the extraction of 
the oil. The oil is given off as a thick dark liquid, the density 
skin diseases. Other kinds of juniper wood are reputed to be 
used as substitutes. An account of the preparation of this oi 
is given in the Pharmaceutical Journal, October 18, 1906, 
p- 418. 
J. pachyphlaea, Torr.—Oak-barked Cedar, Thick-barked | 
edar, Mountain Cedar, Chequer-barked Juniper. 
A species differing from all others by reason of its thick, 
scaly bark which is responsible for two of the common names. 
Under favourable conditions it grows 50-60 ft. high and may 
be 12-15 ft. in girth. Leaves of both kinds are developed by 
mature trees. It is found wild in the dry regions of Texas, 
New Mexico and Arizona. The wood is soft, light red and 
close-grained. Samples at Kew are straight-grained and bear a 
resemblance to the wood of J. virginiana for which it could 
probably be substituted. 
