117 
Pine-apple Ss pte a Schult. f.), has been found to contain 
11°7 per cent. of dextrose.! In the Federated Malay States, wines 
or champagnes are roporiel to have been made, but apparently 
with little success.? There seems to have been no attempt made to 
produce alcohol from Pines, although there must be considerable 
material going to waste, that might be utilised in this way, in con- 
nection with the canning industries. 
Mulberry (Morus nigra, Linn.). A spirit is distilled from the 
fruits in the Caucasus, the amount produced during the five years 
prior to 1893, averaging 65,000 vedros (175,760 gallons). The 
production is ‘subject to “cree in proportion to the annual 
vintage, the loss on which is said, in bad years to be made up with 
mulberry spirits.’ A spirit is hai to fe sometimes a ai from 
the fruits of White Mulberry (Morus alba, Linn.) in Kashm 
Jambolana (Eugenia Jumbolana, Lam.), a large eve eer Hee 
grown throughout. ney Ceylon, Malaya, &c. A spirit is distilled 
from the fruits in Goa 
(2.) Roots, TuBERoUs-RooTS AND RooTstTocks. 
Potato (Solanum tuberosum, Linn. var.). The Potato is the most 
important source of industrial alcohol in Europe. The centre of 
the industry is in Germany, where the production is fostered by the 
State, and where it is one of the most important branches of Agri- 
culture. 
The varieties grown for distillation are Wait possessing 
a high percentage of starch, and good cro 
Considerable attention has been given ies the selection and im- 
provement of suitable varieties in Germany, and those found to 
best meet the requirements, are “ Professor Wohltman ”—containing 
16°3 per cent. of starch, and yielding 342 bushels of tubers per 
acre ; “ Iduna ”—16°4 per cent. starch, 284 bus. ; “ Topaz ”—17°3 
per cent., 326 vi ; “Sas "—18°3 per cent., 399 bus.; “ Leo ”— 
17 per cent., 4 2 bus.; “ Richter’s Imperator ”_15°4 per cent., 
476 bus.; “ Silesia ”_16°3 per cent., 367 bus.; and “ Professor 
Maercker,” containing 14°5 per cent. starch and yielding 428 bus. 
per acre.’ 
The area under cultivation in Germany in 1909 was 8,212,944 
acres giving a total yield of 46,706,252 metric tons of potatoes, 
equal to 5°68 tons per acre, 5 per cent. it is stated were diseased ;° 
in 1910 the area was estimated at 8,142, 000 acres producing a 
crop of 42,770,000 tons or 5*25 tons per acre.’ 
he average price is about 20s, per ton, and the yield of alcohol 
about 25 gallons pure or 44 gallons Breet from a ton of potatoes. 
+ wiley and Sawyer, U.S. Dept a Ages. Farmers’ Bull. No. mo sree p. 11. 
? Ridley, Agric. Bull. Straits & Fed. Malay St. i. 1904, p. 4 
46. 
> Mon. Cons. and Trade Rep. Was een? No. 312, 1906, p. 1 
6 Journ. Bd. of Agric. xvii. Sept. 1910, p. 502 (from Dip. tad Cons. Rep. 
_ 23). 
. p. 865. 
8 Le. xii. May 1905, es 105-106. 
