121 
Exhibition of 1862. The Asphodel has also been used for purposes 
of distillation in Algeria 
The root bark of Aedite Jacquemontii, Benth., a bushy thorny 
shrub of India, is also said to be used in the distillation of spirit.? 
(3.) GRAIN. 
Barley (Hordeum vulgare, Linn.), the egies ei souree of whisky 
distilled from the malt in this country. In Germany during 1907, 
172,201 metric tons were used for distillation.’ It is also used to 
some extent in Russia for the purpose; the general crop for the 
73 provinces in 1909, amounted te 10,148 tons.*| Wiley and Sawyer 
give the starch percentage as 58°9.°. Barley malt, owing to its high 
cost, is not advisable as a source of industrial alcohol, but it is a 
convenient and suitable medium for converting starch of other grain 
into sugar preparatory to fermentation and distillation. 
‘Rye (Secale aan Linn.), largely cultivated in N. Europe. In 
@dbuiiny, 1907, there were 103,352 metric tons used for distillation. : 
It is an pipestant source of alcohol in ussia— dka” the 
national drink being made from it ; the crop in 1909 amounted to 
22,416 tons.‘ It is largely the “ erain-spirit ” " redistilled to make 
gin. It is not much used in England, but appears to be of some 
importance in America where for all purposes in 1910 the total 
acreage was 2,155,000, yielding 32,088,000 bushels, (31,115,636 
Imp. bus.)* According to Wiley and Sawyer the grain contains 
53°7 per cent. of starch. It is used very largely in distilleries which 
produce compressed yeast or rye-whisky, sometimes used in the 
yeast. mashes of distilleries, but too expensive to be used as the 
chief ingredient of the mash and rarel yields over 85 gallons of 
alcohol per ton.’ Voelcker gives the yield at 16 cwts. per acre, 
furnishing 95 gallons of proof spirit.° 
Maize (Zea Mays, Linn., var.), is the principal source of industrial 
alcohol in the United States of America, where the estimated 
acreage under corn in 1905 was 94,011,369, giving a yield of 
2,707,993,540 bushels or an average of about 28°8 bushels per acre.° 
Maize is also used in Bilbao, Spain, for distillation.” Distillers’ Corn 
(* Yellow Dent”), has been found to contain 57°9 per cent. of starch 
and 2°3 per cent. of sugars. One ton (United States) of grain made 
up of 1850 Ibs. of maize and 150 Ibs. of malt, is calculated to yield 
100 gallons (or approx. 2°5 as per bushel) of alcohol ; the grain 
contains 64 per cent. of stare 
Sorghum, Guinea Corn or Dari (Sorghum vulgare, Pers.; Andropogon 
Sorghum var. vulgaris, Hack). In Germany, 1907, “ dari” (and corn) 
. Simmonds, ‘ ‘ Waste soon and Undevel. Substances,” p. 228. 
ge ate 
a peat Bont Distil me 121. 
7 “ Beet-Root Distillatio 
: Wy U.S. Dept. pace armers’ Bull. No. 268, 1906, p. 18. 
® Dip. and Cons. 5 No. 3590, Ann. 1906, p. 13. 
